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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent
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aqueous solution
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a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment
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polar molecule
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the interaction between solute particles and water molecules
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hydration
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the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
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solubility
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a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
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solute
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the dissolving medium in a solution
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solvent
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the ability to conduct an electric current
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electrical conductivity
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a material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently
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strong electrolyte
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a material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts only a small electric current
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weak electrolyte
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a material that, when dissolved in water, gives a no conducting solution
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nonelectrolyte
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a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution; a proton donor
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acid
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an acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base
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strong acid
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a metal hydroxide salt that completely dissociates into its ions in water
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strong base
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an acid that dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution
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weak acid
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a base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solution
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weak base
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moles of solute per kilogram of solvent in a solution
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molarity
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a solution whose concentration is accurately known
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standard solution
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the process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution
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dilution
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a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution
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precipitation reaction
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an equation representing a reaction in solution showing the reactants and products in undissociated form, whether they are strong electrolytes or weak electrolytes
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molecular equation
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an equation that shows all substances that are strong electrolytes as ions
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complete ionic equation
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ions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reaction
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spectator ions
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an equation for a reaction in solution, where strong electrolytes are written as ions, showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change
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net ionic equation
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a substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution, a proton acceptor
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base
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an acid-base reaction
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neutralization reaction
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a process involving titration of one solution with another
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volumetric analysis
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a technique in which one solution is used to analyze another
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titration
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the point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution being titrated
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stoichiometric (equivalence) point
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a chemical that changes color an is used to mark the end point of a titration
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indicator
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the point in a titration at which the indicator changes color
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endpoint
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a reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred
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oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction
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a concept that provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions according to certain rules
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oxidation state
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an increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons)
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oxidation
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a decrease in oxidation state (a gain of electrons)
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reduction
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a reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant
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oxidizing agent (electron acceptor)
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a reactant that donates electrons to another substance to reduce the oxidation state of its atoms
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reducing agent (electron donor)
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the two parts of an oxidation-reduction reaction, one representing oxidation, the other reduction
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half-reactions
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