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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Property |
Any characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity |
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Pure substances |
Elements and compounds |
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Law of constant composition or law of definite proportions |
Elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same |
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Homogeneous mixture |
Solution the same |
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Heterogeneous mixture |
Different substances |
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Intensive properties |
Independent of the amount of matter examined and are used to identify substances |
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Extensive properties |
Relate to the amount of substance present Mass, volume |
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Hypothesis and theory |
Tentative explanations, as a hypothesis is tested and refined a theory may be developed that can predict the results of future observations and experiments |
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SI units |
Based on the meter, the kilogram, and the second as the basic unit of length, mass, and time |
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Precision |
How closely different measurements of a quantity agree with one another |
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Accuracy |
Indicates how well a measurement agrees with the accepted or true value |
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Dimensional analysis |
We keep track of units as we carry measurements through calculations |
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Conversion factors |
These factors are ratios constructed from valid relations between equivalent quantities |
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Subatomic particles |
What atoms are composed of |
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Cathode rays |
When a high voltage is applied to electrodes in a tube, radiation is produced between the electrodes.... led to discovery of the electron |
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Nuclear model |
Shows that the atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus |
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Electronic charge |
The magnitude of the charge of the electron, 1.602 X 10^-19 C |
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Atomic mass units |
1 amu = 1.66054 x 10^-24 g |
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Angstroms |
1Å = 10^-10 m Dimension of atoms |
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Atomic weight |
Average atomic mass |
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Mass spectrometer |
Provides the most direct and accurate means of experimentally measuring Atomic and molecular weights |
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Ion |
When an atom gains or loses electrons, forming charged particles |
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Alkanes |
Hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom is attached to four other atoms |
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Stoichiometry |
Study of the quantitative relationships between chemical formulas and chemical equations |
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Formula weight |
Equals the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in its formula |
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Molecular weight |
In a molecular formula the formula weight is also called the molecular weight |
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Avogadro's number |
(6.02 × 10^23) |
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Molar mass |
The mass of a mole of atoms, molecules, or ions equals the formula weight of that material expressed in grams |
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Limiting reactant |
The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction |
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Theoretical yield |
Quantity of product calculated to form when all of the limiting reactant reacts |
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Percent yield |
Compares the actual and theoretical yields |
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Atomic mass |
Number of protons and neutrons in the atom (mass number)* |
