Chem Vocab 1.1

Front 1

Submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of matter.

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Atoms

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Two or more atoms joined in a specific geometrical arrangement.

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Molecule

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A tentative interpretation or explanation of observations.

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Hypothesis

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Highly controlled procedures designed to generate scientific observation.

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Experiment

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A brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones.

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Scientific law

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Lavoisier's observation that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed.

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The law of conservation of mass

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A model for the way nature is, which tries to explain not only what nature does, but why it does.

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Theory

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An approach to knowledge that begins and ends with observation.

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Scientific method

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Is anything that has mass and occupies space

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Matter

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A form of matter in which the atoms or molecules are packed closely together in fixed locations

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Solid

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Solids may be atoms or molecules arranged in patterns with long-range repeating order-diamonds, salt etc.

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Crystalline

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A solid form with no long range order-wax, butter, etc.

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Amorphous

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A form of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed almost as closely as in solids, but the particles are free to move relative to one another.

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Liquid

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A form of matter in which there is a lot of space between the atoms or molecules, and freedom of movement.

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Gas

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Is only one type of atom or molecule.

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Pure substance

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Are made up of two or more substances mixed together.

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Mixtures

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Are the simplest building block of matter. They cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.

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Elements

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Are chemical combinations of two or more elements.

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Compounds

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Mixtures have that a composition which is different from place to place in the sample. EX: Water on sand & oil and water

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Heterogeneous

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Mixtures have the same composition throughout. EX: tea w/sugar or coffee w/cream

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Homogeneous

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Mixtures separated by physical means like carefully pouring off one layer, while leaving another another behind.

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Decanting

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A physical separation process in which the more volatile (easily vaporized) substance is boiled away first.

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Distillation

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A physical separation process in which a mixture of a solid and a liquid is poured through a filter to trap the solid.

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Filtration

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The kind of change in which matter changes its appearance, but not it's composition. Phase changes, or cutting or crushing a sample of matter are examples.

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Physical change

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The change in which matter does change its composition. Examples include burning or rusting, since a new compound or compounds are formed during the process.

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Chemical change

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Properties of a substance observed without the substance undergoing a change in composition.

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Physical properties

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Properties that are observed when a substance undergoes a change in composition (formula).

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Chemical properties

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Mass/Volume

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Density

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A property independent of the amount of substance that you have and is always the same. EX: color, density

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Intensive property

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Property that is dependent of the amount of substance. EX: volume, mass

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Extensive property

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The property that defines the quantity of matter in an object.

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Mass

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The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes a change.

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Chemistry

Front 33

Every Sample of a particular compound always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions.

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The law of constant composition