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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Radioactivity |
Nucleus emits particles and rays (radiation) |
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Radioisotope |
Nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay to become more stable Unstable nucleus releases energy through radioactive decay |
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Nuclear Force |
Force that holds nuclear particles together Very strong at close distances |
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Band of Stability |
-Of all nuclei only fraction are stable -Depends on proton to neutron ratio -Region of stable nuclei band of stability |
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Half Life |
Time required for one half the sample to decay Can be very short or very long |
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Nuclear Reactions |
-Deals with nucleus -Can end up with new elements -Mass not strictly conserved |
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Chemical Reactions |
-Deals with Electrons -Atoms/elements remain unchanged-rearranged -Mass strictly conserved |
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Alpha Radiation |
-Double positive charge -Low penetrating power -Paper Shielding -Helium Atom |
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Beta Radiation |
-Electron -Moderate Penetrating Power -Metal foil shielding |
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Atomic # |
Number of protons |
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Mass # |
Number of protons + number of neutrons |
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Atomic Mass |
Amount of mass in one atom of certain element |
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Isotope |
Element with same number of protons, different number of neutrons |
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Ion |
Element with same number of protons, different number of electrons |
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Periodic Law |
Repetition of physical and chemical properties |
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Group |
Column on PT |
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Period |
Row on PT |
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Atomic Radius |
One half the distance between 2 nuclei when joined (same element) |
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Ionization Energy |
Energy required to remove an electron from an atom |
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Gamma Radiation |
-Pure Energy -Very high penetrating power -Lead/Concrete shielding |
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Electronegativity |
Ability of an atom to attract/pull electrons |
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Metal Properties |
-Most elements -Good conductors -High luster (shiny) -Ductile -Malleable -Most are solids -Found left of stair step line |
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Transmutation |
Conversion from one element to another through a nuclear reaction -Only occurs by radioactive decay -Only occurs when nucleus bombarded with particle |
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Emissions |
Given off |
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Positron |
Beta particle with positive charge |
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Captures |
Taken in |
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Atom |
Smallest particle of element that retains its identity |
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Angstrom |
Measurement used for atoms (10E-10m) |
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Corpuscle |
Electron |
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Nucleus |
Center of atom Contains protons and electrons Most of mass in atom Positive charge |
