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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and occupies space
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Mass
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quantity of matter in an object
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Weight
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force produced by gravity acting on a mass
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3 States of Matter
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Solid, Liquid, Gas
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3 States of Matter depend on...
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the strength of intermolecular forces
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Laws of Conversation of Matter
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matter cannot be created nor detroyed, it simply changes form
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Physical Properties
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characteristics of matter that can be measured without changing its chemical nature
Ex. size, color, odor |
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Physical Change
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a change that affects only the physical properties
Ex. boiling, freezing |
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Chemical Properties
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characteristics of matter that can only be observed when substances interact with one another
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Chemical Change
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a change that produces one or more new substances
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Evidence of a Chemical Change (5)
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1. evolution of a gas. (bubbles are seen)
2. formation of a precipitate 3. evolution or absorption of heat 4. emission of light 5. a color change as the reaction occurs |
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Atoms
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basic unit of matter
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Elements
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the simplest substance from which more complex substances are made///
substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical methods (periodic table) |
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Molocules
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a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds (charge=0)
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Compound
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substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined
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Allotrope
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one of a number of different molecular or crystalline forms of an element
Ex. forms of carbon (graphite, diamond) Ex. oxygen and ozone |
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Mixture
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collection of 2 or more pure substances PHYSICALLY mixed together
Ex. sand and water (can be separated by non -chemical methods, like evaporation and sifting) |
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Pure Substances
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all molocules are identical
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Homogeneous Mixture
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mixture containing substances that are uniformly distributed
Ex. SOLUTIONS, alloys |
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Heterogeneous Mixture
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mixture containing substances that are not uniformly distributed
Ex. granite |
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2 Ways to Separate Mixtures
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1. Distillation
2. Filteration |
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Distillation
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separation of substances in a mixture based on their different boiling and cooling points
Ex. water and alcohol |
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Filteration
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separation of substances in a mixture based on the size of the particles
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Density
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the amount of matter present in a given volume of a substance
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Density Formula
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mass/ volume
Ex. g/ mL or g/ cm3 |
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Specific Gravity
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the ratio of the density of a given liquid to the density of water
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Energy
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the capacity to do work
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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energy cannot be created or detroyed. it simply changes form
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2 Types Energy
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kinetic energy + potential energy
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Kinetic Energy
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energy a moving object has becuase of its motion
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Potential Energy
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energy an object has because of its position (stored energy)
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Heat
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flow of energy due to a temperature difference
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Temperature
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measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
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SI Unit for temperature
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Kelvin
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Absolute Zero
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the lowest temperature in the Kevlin scale (absence of motion)
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Exothermic
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heat is released during a reaction (warm)
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Endothermic
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absorption of energy in a reaction (cold)
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Calorie
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the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celcius
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SI Unit for Energy
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joule
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1 cal= ___ Joule
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4.184 Joule
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Specific Heat
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the amount of energy required to raise one gram of substance one degree Kelvin
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Calculating Specific Heat
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Q= s*m*T
energy required= specific heat capacity*mass* change in temperature J=(J/g C) (g) (change temp C) |
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Kevlin to Celcius
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C= K-273
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Celcius to Kelvin
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K= C+273
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