Chem Unit 2

Front 1

True or False:
A high concentration doesn't effect the vapor pressure very much.

Back 1

False. A high concentration changes the vapor pressure considerably.

Front 2

Vapor pressure of a solution is ______ then the pure liquid.

Back 2

Less

Front 3

True or False:
Normal boiling point is different for the pure liquid then for the solution.

Back 3

True

Front 4

Properties that change as a function of the number of solute particles are called __________ properties.

Back 4

Colligative

Front 5

List the four colligative properties:

Back 5

1. Vapor Pressure
2. Boiling Point
3. Freezing Point
4. Osmotic Pressure

Front 6

Osmosis

Back 6

The migration of solvent molecules through a differentiating membrane from lower concentration to higher concentrations.

Front 7

The larger the gap is between the high concentration substance and the lower concentration substance the ___________ the pressure is.

Back 7

Greater

Front 8

As the concentration of a solution increases, the vapor pressure _________.

Back 8

Decreases

Front 9

As the concentration of a solution increases, the osmotic pressure _________.

Back 9

Increases

Front 10

As the concentration of a solution decreases, the boiling point __________.

Back 10

Decreases

Front 11

As the concentration of a solution decreases, the freezing point _________.

Back 11

Increases

Front 12

The pressure at which an equilibrium is reached for the migration of solvent molecules through a differentiating membrane is the ___________ pressure.

Back 12

Osmotic

Front 13

If the mole fraction of a solvent was 0.5, the vapor pressure would go down by ________.

Back 13

Half

Front 14

K-sub-f is the:
K-sub-b is the:

Back 14

Molale freezing point depression constant.

Molale boiling point elevation constant.

Front 15

The change in osmotic pressure is symbolized by the symbol ____.

Back 15

Pi

Front 16

The formula for the change in osmotic pressure:

Back 16

MRT

Front 17

The formula for the change in boiling point is:

Back 17

Delta T (because it is a change of temperature)
(K-sub-b)(m)

Front 18

The formula for the change in freezing point:

Back 18

Delta T (because it is a change of temperature)
(K-sub-f)(m)

Front 19

In ionic solutions, what is different with the calculations to determine the change in osmotic pressure, boiling point or freezing point?

Back 19

An ionic molecule breaks apart into two particles, so 1.3 m of NaCl actually equals 2.6 moles of particles.

Front 20

K-sub-f and K-sub-b are both measured in:

Back 20

degrees C/molal

Front 21

Describe how you would go about finding the molar mass of a molecule using colligative property data:

Back 21

1. Get concentration
2. Determine moles of solute
3. Knowing the mass and moles, determine molar mass.

Front 22

Delta H represents:

Back 22

Enthalpy (heat content)

Front 23

If delta-H is positive, the reaction is ____thermic. If delta-H is negative, the reaction is ____thermic.

Back 23

Endo
Exo

Front 24

A __________ reaction takes place on it's own.

Back 24

Spontaneous

Front 25

Delta-G represents:

Back 25

The free energy of a solution.

Front 26

If delta-G is negative, the order of the substance is _________ in the reaction.

Back 26

Decreasing

Front 27

Less order makes the reaction _______ spontaneous.

Back 27

More

Front 28

What is the formula that represents the change in total energy in a reaction?

Back 28

Delta G = Delta H - T(Delta S)

Front 29

If Delta G is positive, there is a(n)____________ in order.

Back 29

Increase

Front 30

At equilibrium, delta G is ________.

Back 30

Zero

Front 31

If DeltaG is ____________, the reaction is ____________.

Back 31

Negative = Spontaneous
Positive = Nonspontaneous

Front 32

As the temperature increases, the entropy term becomes ________ significant.

Back 32

More and more

Front 33

If heat is released in a reaction, it is said to be ________ ________.

Back 33

Enthalpy driven

Front 34

At high temperatures, enthalpy can take over and a reaction can become _________ _________.

Back 34

Entropy driven

Front 35

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are AKA:

Back 35

Alkenes (double bonds) and
Alkynes (triple bonds)

Front 36

Saturated hydrocarbons are AKA:

Back 36

Alkanes

Front 37

______ groups on carbon chains create alcohols.

Back 37

OH

Front 38

Groups that are attached onto carbon chains are called _________ groups.

Back 38

Functional

Front 39

A condensation reaction creates __________ molecules.

Back 39

Water

Front 40

An amino acid contains a _______ group and a ________ group.

Back 40

Amine group and acid group

Front 41

List the four factors that affect rates of reactions.

Back 41

1. Temp
2. Pressure and concentration
3. Catalysts
4. State of matter

Front 42

A ________ changes the activation energy.

Back 42

Catalyst

Front 43

Activation energy

Back 43

The energy required to get a reaction going.