Chem Topics 1, 2, 11

Front 1

Differentiate btwn atomic number and mass number for element

What is symbol for isotope carbon-14?

Back 1

Atomic # is number of protons in elem

Mass # is sum of protons & neutrons in atom

14/6C

Front 2

Define Ion

Differentiate btw cations & anions (its charges, # of protons and electrons)

Back 2

Ion- particle that either gained/lost e-

Cation- pos ions containing more protons than e-

Anion- neg ions containing more e- than protons

Front 3

Compare physical & chem properties of isotopes

Back 3

Same chem properties, different physical prop

Physical- bp/mp/atomic mass

Chem- reactivity in protons and e-

Front 4

Describe electromagnetic spectrum

Back 4

Range of wavelengths of diff types of energy. Increasing in freq (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray).

As waves increase in freq, decrease in wavelength

Front 5

Define wavelength and freq relationship

Back 5

Wavelength- distance btw 2 crests

Freq- # of waves to pass in 1 sec

shorter the wavelength, longer the freq

Front 6

Diff btw absorption spectrum and emission spectrum

Back 6

Emission- black background w/colored lines

Absorption- colored background w/black lines

Front 7

Continous spectrum and line spectrum

Back 7

Continous- contains all wavelengths and freq of light

Line- contains only specific wavelengths and freq which were absorbed by a sample

Front 8

Excited and ground state in terms of e- position

Back 8

Ground- e- is at lowest possible energy level

Excited- e- gains energy and moves up energy level than before

Front 9

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Back 9

Tells the probability of where an e- is likely to be located

Front 10

Atomic orbital definition

Back 10

Regions around nucleus of atom where e- are

Front 11

Aufbau Principle

Back 11

e- are placed into lowest energy orbital first

Front 12

Hund's Third Rule

Back 12

all orbitals of equal energy must be filled before a second e- can be added

Front 13

How to determine uncertainty on graduated cylinder if not specifically stated for you

Back 13

It is half the smallest division

Front 14

How to find uncertainty of a piece of digital equipment (electronic balance)

Back 14

it is +/- smallest scale division

Front 15

Random error and systematic error (1 ex of each)

Back 15

Random- makes measurement less precise, not always in same way (not reading grad cylinder eye level)

Systematic- always affects result in specific direction (leaving excess chemicals on equipment without cleaning it up for next trials)

Front 16

Accuracy and Precision

Back 16

Accuracy- measure of closeness to literature value

Precision- comparison of closeness of measurements to each other, reproducibility

Front 17

Percentage uncertainty

Back 17

absolute uncert/measured value x 100

Front 18

Random error and systematic error in appearance on graph

Back 18

random- scattered points over graph

Systematic- all points in same area

Front 19

Define Outlier

Back 19

Data outside range of values in graphs