Chem Test 3

Front 1

1A=

Back 1

1x10^-10m or 1x10^-7mm

Front 2

Strong acids

Back 2

Hydrochloric HCl
Hydrobromic HBr
Hyrdroiodic Hi
Nitric HNO3
Sulfuric H2SO4
Perchloric HClO4

Front 3

to increase from pH 1 to pH4

Back 3

H3O hasa been changed by 1000 times (10x10x10)

Front 4

Acid

Back 4

[H3O+] > 10^-7 M,
[OH-] <10^-7 M

Front 5

Base

Back 5

[OH-] >10^-7 M
[H3O+] < 10^-7 M,

Front 6

Equilibrium

Back 6

[H3O-] [OH-] = 1x10^-14

Front 7

NaOH

Back 7

Strong base

Front 8

Acid when disolved in water produces

Back 8

Hydronium ions [H3O+]

Front 9

Bases when disolved in water produces

Back 9

[OH-] ions Hydroxide ions

Front 10

Rust compounds

Back 10

F2O3

Front 11

Pure rain water pH

Back 11

5.6 (due to disolved CO2)

Front 12

sources of acid rain

Back 12

wet deposits of Nitrate (NO3-) and sulfate (SO4)

Front 13

Neutron induced fission

Back 13

continues for a sustained chain reaction

Front 14

slow neutrons

Back 14

efficient, more fissions.

Front 15

Uranium

Back 15

natural continuous sources of radiation (energy), pure uranium is less radio active than the rocks it was coming from

Front 16

Copper

Back 16

Cu(OH)2, insoluble in water

Front 17

bases

Back 17

metal hydroxides, CaCO3 is a base

Front 18

Neutron capture

Back 18

atomic nucleus collides with one or more neutrons and they merge to form a heavier nucleus (bc neurons have no electric charge)

Front 19

fission

Back 19

nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts often producing free neutrons and photons ( in the form of gamma rays) and releasing a tremendous amount of energy

Front 20

fissle uranium

Back 20

with atomic mass of 235, only .7% of naturally occuring U

Front 21

Nuclear reactor

Back 21

need 3% fissle U, 2. need a moderator to low down the neutrons (WATER), need a way to limit the number of fissions persecond

Front 22

pH value of [H3O+]

Back 22

pH=-log(value)

Front 23

pH value of [OH-]

Back 23

pH= (1x10^-14)/ (value1) = X

pH= -log(x)

Front 24

turbine of nuclear Power plant

Back 24

generates electricity from the steam produced

Front 25

t1/2

Back 25

half life

Front 26

Latern mantels and smoke detectors

Back 26

radio active elements: Th and Am

Front 27

Radiation exposure

Back 27

82% Natural sources
55% radon

Front 28

atomic nuclei

Back 28

consist of protons and neutrons

Front 29

isotope (nuclide)

Back 29

has a specific numer of protons and neutrons. Some isotopes are radioactive; their nuclei emit energy in the form of an alpha particle, beta particle, or gamma ray

Front 30

early universe

Back 30

contained mostly H and He, fused toghet to make other elements

Front 31

All elements lighter than Fe

Back 31

are made in supernovas

Front 32

nuclides with an atomic number greater than 83

Back 32

have too many p+ to be stable

Front 33

positron

Back 33

positely charged electron: anti mater, wehen a positron meets an electrron they annihilate eachother, produce 2 gamma rays ( light ) matter (e+ + e-) totally converted into energy

Front 34

ammonia

Back 34

raises pH 7 to 6, making it more acidic

Front 35

CO2

Back 35

lowers pH 7 to 8 making it more basic

Front 36

3 types of chemical equations

Back 36

acid and water
base and water
acid and base (neutralization)

Front 37

acid and water

Back 37

--> H3O+ ion

Front 38

base and water

Back 38

---> OH- + ion

Front 39

acid and base

Back 39

---> H2O + salt

Front 40

SO2

Back 40

released into atmophere from burning coal ,ixing with Co to form acid rain

Front 41

Bases becomre more positive (on the right side of the equation)

Back 41

donate e-

Front 42

Acides becomre more negative (on the right side of the equation)

Back 42

donate e+

Front 43

bicarbonate ion =

Back 43

CO3

Front 44

alpha particle decay

Back 44

4 less in the atomic mass
2 less in the atomic number
HE

Front 45

Beta decay-

Back 45

atomic mass stays the same, atomic number icreases by 1

Front 46

Beta decay +

Back 46

atomic number decreases by 1

Front 47

Neutron induced fission

Back 47

atomic mass +1, divide atomic number by 2, find new element. equal distance.

Front 48

how does a nuclear power plant generate electricity?

Back 48

by using heat from nuclear fission to convert water into steam which drives a turbine

Front 49

How is the element plutonium normally made in a nclear reactor

Back 49

neutron capture by 238U followed by 2 beta decays

Front 50

if dissolved in pure water, will raise the pH of the water above pH 7

Back 50

NH3 (ammonia)

Front 51

What is the ultimate product, after many nuclear reactions, of the radioactive decay chain that begins with 238U?

Back 51

E. A stable isotope of Pb

Front 52

What is the principal nuclear reaction that provides most of the heat to turn water into steam in a typical fission nuclear reactor?

Back 52

Neutron-induced fission of 235U nuclides.

Front 53

What is the purpose of the "control rods" in a typical fission nuclear reactor

Back 53

To absorb some of the neutrons within the reactor core.

Front 54

Which of the following gases, if dissolved in pure water, will lower the pH of the water below pH 7?

Back 54

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Front 55

Write the properly balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of HClO4(aq) with Mg(OH)2(aq). Be sure to show all of the chemical species present before and after the neutralization.

Back 55

2H3O+(aq) + 2ClO4−(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) → 4H2O + 2ClO4−(aq) + Mg2+(aq)

Front 56

Write the chemical equation for the reaction of CO2(g) with water and the two chemical equations that ultimately result in a small concentration of the carbonate ion.

Back 56

CO2(g) + H2O(aq) H2CO3(aq) H2CO3(aq) + H2O(aq) HCO3−(aq) + H3O+(aq)
HCO3−(aq) + H2O(aq) CO32−(aq) + H3O+(aq)