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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ionic bonding?
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complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
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What is lattice energy? How does it affect the strength of an ionic bond?
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Change of energy that occurs when an ionic solid is separated into isolated atoms in the gas phase.
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How do we utilize a Born-Haber Cycle to determine the lattice energy?
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Relates the lattice energy of an ionic substance to its enthalpy of formation and to other measurable quantities
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What is covalent bonding?
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A chemical bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons
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What is electronegativity? How is it used to determine whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar? What is its periodic trends?
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Electronegativity: ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself.
Polar bonds: atoms have unequal electronegativity Nonploar: equal electronegativity Increasing electronegativity up and to the right on the periodic table |
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Bond angles ___ with ____ atomic size of the central atom
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decrease, increasing
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Ideal gas law? What is R in atm?
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PV=nRT
R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K |
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What is 1 atm in torr?
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760 torr
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What is 1 atm in Kpa?
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101.3 Kpa
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why are some covalent species are electron deficient and why others are able to expand their octet?
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If the central atom has more than eight electrons, then this means that the central atom has expanded its valence shell to hold more than eight electrons. This is allowed for atoms with valence shells in the third energy level or higher (i.e. in or beyond the third period of the periodic table).
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What is the formula combining Charles' and Boyle's laws?
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Pi*Vi/Ti = Pf*Vf/Tf
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What volume does 1 mole of gas occupy at STP? (Avogadro’s Law)
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One mole of an ideal gas at STP occupies 22.4 liters.
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dipole moment formula?
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u = q*r
u = dipole moment q = charge separation between atoms r = distance between charges |
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Physical properties of gases?
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Compressibility, Expandability, diffusibility (ability to spread over the entire area), permeability (ability of gases to mix)
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What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure?
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the pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components of the gas mixture
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What do the values a and b represent in Van Der Waals equation for non-ideal gasses?
(P+n^2*a/V^2)(V-nb) = nRT |
a -> correction for molecule attraction
b -> correction for molecular volumes |
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What is the correction required for reporting the pressure of gases when
collected over water using Dalton’s Law. |
Ppure gas = Ptotal - PH2O
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Under what conditions do gases deviate from ideal behavior and why?
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At low temp or high pressures, the particles begin to stick together and stop resembling ideal gas.
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Rules for assigning Pauling electronegativity values?
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If the EN differences b/t bonds is:
<.4, the bond is nonpolar .4-1.9, polar covalent bond > 1.9, ionic bond |
