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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dimitri Mendeleev
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made the first periodic table, arranging elements by increasing atomic mass. He placed them in groups with similar properties.
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Henry Moseley
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made a periodic table with elements arranged by increasing atomic numbers (nuclear charge in relation to # of protons was important)
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Periodic law
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when elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern
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MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS
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GROUPS 1A-8A (S & P BLOCK)
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TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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GROUP B (D-BLOCK)
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METALS
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LEFT OF STAIR-STEP LINE (except hydrogen)
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NON-METALS
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TO THE RIGHT OF THE STAIR-STEP LINE
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METALLOIDS
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ALONG THE BORDER OF THE STAIR-STEP LINE (5, 14, 32, 33, 51, 52)
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ALKALI METALS (highly active & very soft)
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GROUP 1A (except hydrogen)
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ALKALINE EARTH METALS (less reactive and denser than alkali metals)
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GROUP 2A
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INNER TRANSITION METALS (F BLOCK)
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1) LANTHANIDE SERIES
2) ACTINIDE SERIES |
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GROUP 17
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HALOGENS (7A)
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GROUP 18
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NOBLE GASES (very stable)
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IONIC RADIUS & ATOMIC RADIUS
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INCREASE FROM RIGHT TO LEFT
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ATOMIC RADIUS (why the increase in the periods?)
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there are more protons added to each element from right to left which raises the nuclear charge and this pulls the electrons closer, making the atom smaller
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ATOMIC RADIUS (why the increase in the groups?)
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it increases from top to bottom because as electrons are added, t requires more energy levels, making the atom bigger
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IONIZATION ENERGY (why the increase in the periods?)
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effective nuclear charge makes atoms smaller so the electrons are more tightly bound to the nucleus, which requires more energy to pull them off.
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IONIZATION ENERGY (why the increase in groups?)
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it decreases from top to bottom because the larger the atom, the easier it is to pull electrons off. (less energy)
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Electronegativity
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relative ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond
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Electron Affinity
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the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom
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Ionization Energy
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energy required to remove one electron from an atom to make it an ion
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NITROGEN GROUP
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GROUP 15
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CHALOGENS
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GROUP 16
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