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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom
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smallest unit of an element that can exist as a stable, independent entity
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molecule
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two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spacial agreement
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element
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pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler means by any chemical means
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ion
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atom or group of atoms that have acquired a net electrical charge as a result of gaining or losing one or more electrons
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compound
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pure substance made up of two or more elements in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination.
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mixture
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physical combonation of two or more substances present in variable amounts
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group (family)
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vertical column
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period
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horizontal column
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metal
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elements that are shiny and conduct electricity and heat well, lose valance electrons to form cations.
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nonmetal
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elements with varied appearances that do not conduct electricity or heat well. tend to gain electrons to form cations.
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allotrope
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two or more forms of the same element that differ in chemical structure/properties
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representative element
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An element that adds electrons to its outermost energy level.
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transition element
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An element in which electrons are added to d sublevels. All transition elements have two valence shell electrons
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isotope
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two or more atoms of the same element. same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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metalloid
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elements between metals and nonmetals,
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product
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substance formed from reactants as a result of a chemical reaction
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reactant
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starting material that is transformed during chemical reaction
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ionic bond
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chemical bond formed by attraction between oppositely charged ions
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covalent bond
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two electrons shared by atoms
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polyatomic ion
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ion that is made up of two or more atoms covalently bound together
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H
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hydrogen
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He
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helium
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Li
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lithium
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Be
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beryllium
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B
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boron
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C
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carbon
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N
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nitrogen
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O
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oxygen
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F
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flourine
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Ne
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neon
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Na
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sodium
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Mg
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magnesium
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Al
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aluminum
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Si
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silicon
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P
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phosphorus
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S
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sulfur
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Cl
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chlorine
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Ar
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argon
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K
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potassium
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Ca
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calcium
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4 characteristics of mixtures
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components not “tied together”- (components
separable by physical techniques) - elements retain their identity - variable composition - homogeneous or heterogeneous |
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4 characteristics of compounds
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atoms “tied together” with a chemical bond
(need a chemical technique to separate them)_ - elements lose their identity when they form the compound (think H2 vs H2O) - fixed composition - homogeneous |
