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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Will increasing the intensity of the irradiating light increase KE of the photoelectrons?
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No since each electron can absorb only one photon at a time; Increasing the intensity of the radiation will increase the number photoelectrons though.
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An electron falls from the 4s subshell to the 3p subshell, what is likely to occur?
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An emission of energy and teh appearance of a bright band in the atomic spectrum b/c it sill probably emit a photon when it loses energy in falling from the 4s to the 3p. Emission of energy from the atom will result in a bright line in its emission spectrum.
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What is the critical mass?
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the minimum mass of a fissionable material necessary to sustain a nuclear chanin reaction.
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How many s, p, d, and f orbitals are there?
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one s orbital, three p orbitals, five d orbitals, and seven f orbitals.
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How many electrons can each orbital hold?
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each orbital can hold 2 electrons;
so a nf subshell can hold 7x2=14 electrons. |
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For the electron configuration of an atom in an excited state, does that mean there are still the same number of electrons?
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YES
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What is true of an electron in an excited state: It has (absorbed/emitted) a photon, and its energy has (increased/decreased).
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It has absorbed a photon, and its energy has increased.
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(T/F) Nobel-gas configurations are characterized by filled valence s and p subshells.
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True.
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How many electrons are shared in the bond btw sodium and chlorine in a molecule of NaCl?
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Zero. NaCl is an inoic compound, and no electrons are shared in an ionic bond.
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What is the correspondences btw the hybridization of the central atom and the molecular geometry?
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sp: linear
sp2: trigonal planar sp3: tetrahedral sp3d: trigonal bypyramid. |
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(T/F) Transition metal oxides may be acidic or basic depending on the oxidation state of the metal.
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True; for example, Mn2O7 is highy acidic while MnO is basic.
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I f a molecule is paramagnetic, then...
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atleast one electron is unpaired.
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A nuclear reaction that releases energy is called
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exoergic (just as a chemical reaction that releases heat is called exothermic)
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What is the difference between exothermic and exoergic?
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- A nuclear reaction that releases energy is called exoergic.
- A chemical reaction that releases heat is called exothermic. |
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Beta- decay
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neutron to proton.
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Sodium pertechnetate (NaTcO4) would be predicted to be:
a. a weak a electrolyte b. a strong base c. a reducing agent. d. an oxidizing agent |
- Sodium pertechnetate is an ionic compound, and all ionic compounds are strong electrolytes.
- This compound is not a Group I oxide or hydroxide, so it is not a strong base; this eliminates B. - Due to the high oxidation state of the central atom, pertechnetate ions are strong oxidizing agents. |
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If the central atom has a high oxidation state, what kind of agent would this be?
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a strong oxidizing agent.
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(T/F) The line spectra of atoms are the result of the photons emitted when excitd electrons drop to lower energy levels.
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True.
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(T/F) Highly exothermic redox reactions result from reactions betweeen strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents.
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True. The quantity of heat evolved from these mixtures depends directly upon the strengths of the oxidants and the reductant.
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(T/F) An oxidizing agents always has at least two highly electronegative elements covalently bonded together.
A compound containing a highly electronegative atom (eg. O, N, Cl) with a nonnegative oxidation state will always be an oxidizing agent. |
TRUE. The strength of the oxidant is directly related to the electronegativity and oxidation state.
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Some common examples of strong oxidizing agents.
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H2O2, KClO4, KNO3, KMnO4, F2
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(T/F) Reducing agents are compounds that contain an electropositive atom (eg. C, H, metals) with a nonpositive oxidation state.
A reducing agent is any compound in which at least two electropositive atoms are covalently bonded together. |
True
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Some common mild reducing agents agents are ...
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H2(g), C(s), S(s), metal powders, and propane.
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Examples of strong reducing agents
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alkali metals however infrequently used b/c highly explosive when in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
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(T/F) Sodium metla will not explode when mixed with neon gas.
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True; b/c neon is a nobel gas and is thus inert to all chemical reactions.
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Is LiCl a good reducing or oxidizing agent?
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No; salts are non-reactive!
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If HCNO is not an oxidizing agent, how must the atoms NOT be connected.
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The electronegative atoms N and O must not be directly bonded to each other.
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What is the most energetic band of visible light?
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violet (ROYGBV)
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(T/F) The energy of excitation is equal to the energy of the emitted photon.
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True.
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(T/F) As you go down a column, the emitted energy increases.
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True.
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K and Cs are in the same family. if K when added to a flame produces a violet color; what color might a tube of heated cesium ions glow?
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- Cesium is below potassium in the family so it must have a higher energy of excitation than violet (ie. UV).
- UV is not detectable by the retina, and no color would be observed. - The same blinding would occur from higher-energy UV rays as from x-rays. |
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Cu has 11 valence electrons. What is the ground state for Cu? What is the ground state for Cu(1) ion?
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Cu: [Ar]4s13d10
Cu(I): [Ar]3d10 remember: transition metals always loose their valence s electrons before any d electrons. |
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What is the only biochemical use for iodine?
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- synthesis of metabolic hormone in which iodine is required for its structure.
- this hormone is synthesized in the TYROID |
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(T/F) Gamma-ray photons (liek all photons) are massless, and have the greatest depth of penetration.
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True.
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(T/F) Progressing through the periodic table, small stable nuclei have the same number of protons and neutrons. But b/c the intranuclear electrostatic repulsion w/in a more crowded nucleus is much greater, more neutrons are required to keep bigger nuclei together. Thus...
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# of neutrons, N, should increases faster than the # of protons, Z, and the group should begin to curve upwards as Z increases.
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A fissile is...
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a nucleus which will become a fissioning nucleus after the addition of one neutron.
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The mass of Uranium-236 has to be greater than the fission product particles because....
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energy is released (mass to energy conversion)
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By definition, fusion occurs when...
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two nuclei approach and bond to one another.
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THe sun is powered by fusion. The overall solar fusion reaction is:
H + H + H + H => He + 2X + energy. Identify the missing particle X. |
Positron b/c four hydrogens have a total charge of +4, while helium has a charge of +2 so we're missing +2 charge.
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(T/F) Magnetic fields can contain neutrons
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FALSE; magnetic fields can only contain charge particles since magnetic fields only affect moving charged particles.
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(T/F) Iodine131 is not a nutrient requirement of cells (thyroid being an exception) and would not be absorbed into the tissues.
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True.
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(T/F) Kideny-liver: two highly vascular organs whose primary function is to purify blood by filtering fluids through cellular membranes.
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True.
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(T/F) NMR uses radio waves.
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True.
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Why are cancerous cells more vulneratble to the effects of radiation than ordinary cells?
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B/c cancerous cells actively transport more plasma through their membranes; cancerous cells have a higher metabolic rate.
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Can photons have negative energy?
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No, never!
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