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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) |
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True or False: Energy is matter? |
False; energy is not matter (light, heat, sound) |
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Physical properties |
Describes the physical appearance and composition of a substance |
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Chemical property |
Describes the ability of a substance into a new substance or substances |
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Pure substance |
Made up of 1 kind of matter and has a unique set of properties (element or compound) |
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Element |
A substance that can not be broken down any further by chemical means |
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Compound |
A pure substance that is made from 2 or more elements chemically combined together |
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Mixture |
A combination of pure substances |
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What are the 2 types of mixtures? |
Homogeneous Heterogeneous |
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Homogeneous |
A mixture that looks the same throughout and separate components are invisible (solution) |
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Heterogeneous |
Different parts of the mixture are visible |
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Suspension |
A cloudy heterogeneous mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another (salad dressing) |
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Heterogeneous mechanical mixture |
Several solids combined together (ex. Chocolate chip cookie) |
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Atomic theory |
Is the study of atoms and how they combine to form matter |
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Protons |
Have a positive charge (+1) and are found inside the nucleus |
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Electrons |
Have a negative charge (-1) and orbit around the nucleus |
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Neutrons |
Are neutral with no charge and are found in the nucleus |
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Bohr-Rutherford Diagram |
An illustration of an atom that shows the arrangement and number of electrons in each shell |
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Lewis Dot Diagram |
A diagram of an element, showing only valance (outer) electrons |
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Periods |
Horizontal rows on the periodic table |
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Groups/Families |
Vertical columns on the periodic table |
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Where are metals on the periodic table? |
The left and centre |
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Where are non-metals on the periodic table? |
Upper right |
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Where are metalloids on the periodic table? |
They run along a downward staircase, separating the metals from the non-metals |
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properties of metal |
Solid Lustrous Good conductors electricity and thermal energy Ductile Malleable |
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properties of non-metals |
Gaseous Dull Powdery Brittle Poor conductors of electricity and thermal energy |
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Properties of metalloids |
They have properties of both metals and non-metals |
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Alkali Metals (group 1) |
Soft, silver-grey metals that react easily with water and oxygen |
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Alkaline Earth Metals (group 2) |
Silver-grey metals that are harder and less reactive than group 1 (combines easily with other atoms) |
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Transition Metals (group 3-12) |
Wide variety of properties |
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Halogens (group 17) |
Coloured very reactive non-metals |
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Noble gases (group 18) |
Non-metals that are colourless, odourless and unreactive with low melting and boiling points |
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Atomic number |
# of protons in the nucleus of an atom, located in the top left corner |
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Atomic Mass |
Measure of the average mass of an atom of an element, located beneath the element symbol (# of protons and neutrons in the nucleus) |
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Ion charge |
Refers to weather an atom is (+) if it loses electrons or (-) if it gains electrons (all members of the same family/group tend to have the same ion charge |
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Elements with less valence electrons are… |
More reactive |
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As you go down a family you add an extra orbit, how does this change the reactivity |
Metals = increases Non-metals = decreases |
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Ionic compound |
Formed formed from 1 or more (+) ions (metals) and 1 or more (-) ions (non-metals) |
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Ions names for metals and non-metals |
Metal ion = element name + ion Non-metal = element name-ide |
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Multivalent element |
A element that can form and ion in more than 1 way, written with a Roman numeral to represent the ionic charge (copper (||) = cu2) |
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How are ions created for metals and non-metals |
Metals lose electrons (+) Non-metals gain electrons (-) |
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How are ions created for metals and non-metals |
Metals lose electrons (+) Non-metals gain electrons (-) |
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The overall charge of a ionic compound is… |
Neutral |
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Group 13 metalloids form what kinda of compounds? |
Ionic |
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Group 14 metalloids form what kinda of compounds? |
Covalent |
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Molecule |
Combination of 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond |
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Covalent bond |
A connection between 2 or more non-metal atoms in which they share electrons |
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Diatomic elements |
Elements with a subscript of 2 |
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Polyatomic ions |
A groups of atoms, usually of different elements that act as a single ion Ex. Sulfur + 4 Oxygen = SO4 sulfate |
