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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hydrocarbons
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H+C
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organic
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anything with carvon in it
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what kind of molecules are hydrocarbons
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non-polar
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what kind of bonds do hydrocarbons have
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covalent
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6 characterizationf of hydrocarbons
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1. the molecules are nonpolar
2. they are not soluble in water 3. doesnt ionize- doesnt conduct a current 4. low melting point (liquid/gas at room temp) 5. slow reaction rate 6. high energy of activation |
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alphatic
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straight chain
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isomers
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compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
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how to name iosnmers
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1. where the groups are-what carbons they're on
2. how many add-on groups 3. the longest chain |
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methyl group
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add on group
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homologous series
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a group of compounds in which there is a constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound to the next
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formula of alkanes
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CnH2n+2
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formula of alkenes
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CnH2n
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formula of alkynes
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CnH2n-2
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saturated
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single bonds, unhealthy, animals fats
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unsaturated
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double bonds healthy- plants
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alkanes
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single bond
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alkenes
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double bonds
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alkynes
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triple bonds
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how many hydrogens do unsaturated compounds contain
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fewer than the maximum number oof hydrogens in their structure
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how many bonds do unsatured compounds have
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double or triple bonds
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cyclical H-C
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ring structures
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formula for cylical H-C
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CnH2n
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circle in the middle means
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alternate double bonds
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how do u distinguish an alcohol
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ends in "OL"
-contains OH- but is not a base |
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boiling points of alcohols
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slightly higher than their alkanes
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3 classes of alcohols
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1. monohydroxy alcohol (one OH)
2. dihydroxy alcohol (two OH) 3. trihydroy alcohol (three OH) |
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types of monohydroxy alcohols
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1. primary (one C connected)
2. secondary (2 cs connected) 3. tertiary (3 cs connected) |
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methanol
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partly polar
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organic reactions
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1. substitution
2. addition 3. estenfication 4. sapooification 5. fermentation |
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substitution
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replacting one part of it with another molcule
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addition
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has to start with something unsaturated
-puts 2 different things together , combines them |
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esterification
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making an ester
organic acid+alcohol=ester+water |
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saporification
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making of soap
opposite of esterification fat+ester |
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polymer
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chain of repeating units
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polymerization
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small molecules join to form a big molecule
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fermentation
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making alcohol
glucose-->alcohol + CO2 |