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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
potential energy and stability
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more potential energy=less stability
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how do you find the heat of reaction?
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Products potential energy-reactants potential energy
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heat of reaction pos. and neg. values
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exo=pos. value
endo=neg. value |
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which are endothermic reactions
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SLG
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which are exothermic reactions
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GLS
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energy of activation
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energ needed to start a reaction
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whose energy of activation is higher, endo or exo?
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exo
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what are substances
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elements and compounds
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which way does heat travel
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from higher to lower temp.
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transducer
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something that converts one form of energy to another form of energy
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what increases as time increases in a heating/cooling curve
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potential energy
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when is the first time you see something in its new phase?
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only at the point when it reaches its highest temp.
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what is specific heat
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4.18 J/g C
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what is the formula for heat
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Q=M delta T C
heat=mass x change in temp x specific heat |
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what happens to heat in a heating curve
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it is absorbed
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what happens to heatin a cooling curve
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heat is released
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what kind of reaction does a coolking curve show
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exothermic
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what kind of reaction does a heating curve show
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endothermic
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what processes are in a heating curve
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1. melting (fusion)
2. boiling (vaporization) |
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what processes are in a coolking curve
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1. freezing (solidification/crystallization)
2.. condensation |
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wavelengths and energy
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the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy
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what happens when electrons fall back down from their excited state to their ground state
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they give off energy
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what does a lower energy level mean about stability
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it is more stable
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atom
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smalllest part of an element that retains the properties of that element
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stability vs. # of neutrons in an isotope
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more neutrons=less stable
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quantum
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packet of energy required to boost an electron to a higher energy level
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order of penetrating power of decay thingys
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most powerful=gamma
2nd=beta 3rd=alpha |
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what do all radioactive things end up as?
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stable, radioactive lead
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half-life
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the amount of time for half of a substance to decay
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what do you do to go forward in time with half life
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divide by two
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what do you do to go backwards in time with half life
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multiply by 2
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what is more stable hydrogen and oxygen separate or together?
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together- more stable, less pe
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fusion
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A+B---AB + energy
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binding energy
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the amount of energy released when a nucleus is formed fro its component parts
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fission
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chain reaction breaking up
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characteristics of ionic compounds
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1. high melting and boiling pts
2. solid at room temp 3. crystalline 4. do not conduct electricity in teh solid state |
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characteristics of molecules
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low melting pt, low boiling pt, generally are gases
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metal and nonmetals losing and gaining electrons
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metals lose electrons
nonmetals gain electrons |
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ionic bonds and electronegativity
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if the electronegativity is greater than 1.7
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covalent bonds and electrongegavity
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electronegaivity diffference is less than 1.7
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nonmetlas and metals and electronegavitiy
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nonmetals have high electronegavitity
metals have low electronegaivity |
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cations and anions
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cations=metals in lew dot
anions=nonmetals in lew dot |
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where is the most electronegative part of the periodic table
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upper right
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wehre is theleast electronegative part of the periodic table
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lower left
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why is there no way to measure the electronegativity of noble gases?
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bc they dont react w/ any other atoms
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what is the only kind of attraction a molecule can have if its balanced?
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van der waals
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molecule size vs. forces
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bigger molecule=bigger forces
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distance between molecule vs. forces
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the closer the molecules, the great the forces
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what kind of attraction is there between non-polar molecules
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weak
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how do you find out what compound has the highest boiling pt.
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the one with the most attraction between them
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sea of mobile electrons
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-in metals
electricity flows through them bc electrons are mobile; they flow and are alwyas moving so they give up electrons easily |
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what kind of bonding do all carbon and hydrogen compounds have
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covalent
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how do you know if something dissolves
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like dissolves in like
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why do metals have a low melting pt
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sea of mobile electrons
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polarity and difference in electronegativity
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most polar=greatest difference in electronegaivity
least polar= least difference in electronegativity |
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what has a triple covlanet bond
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N2
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bonding breaking and forming and energy
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bond breaking absorbs energy
bond forming releases energy |
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degenerate
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alll of the same energy level
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van der waals
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the weak intermolecular attractios between nonpolar molecules
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htdrogen vonding
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bonding between hydrogen and oxyge, hydrogen and flourine, and hydrogen and nitrogen
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molecular-ionic attraction
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ionic charges cause attraction
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dipole-dipole attraction
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polar attractions between two molecules
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how to name binary acids
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hydro+_____ic acid
AB |
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how to name ternary acids
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H+ polyatomic ion
i ate something icky ate-->ic mighty mouse ite-->ous |
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three ways to test for carvon dioxide
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1. extinguishes flame
2. limewater goes from clear to cloud 3. bromythymol blue turns yellow |
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what is avogardros #
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6.02 x 10^23
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what do all acids contain
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hydrogen
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