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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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E (kJ/mol) = 119627/ lambda (nm)
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relationship of energy to wavelength
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dHo = SUM(dHf products - dHf reactants)
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enthalpy change of a reaction
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O2 + UVC --> 2O
O + O2 + M --> O3 + M + heat |
stratospheric ozone formation reaction
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O3 + UVB (<320nm) -->O2* + O*
O3 + O --> 2 O2 |
stratospheric O3 destruction reactions
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X + O3 --> XO + O2
XO + O --> X + O2 X + O3 + XO + O --> XO + O2 + X + O2 O3 + O --> 2 O2 |
CATALYTIC DESTRUCTION OF O3 MECHANISM 1
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Cl, .OH, Br
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important catalysts for O3 destruction
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X + O3 --> XO + O2
X' + O3 --> X'O + O2 XO + X'O --> [XOOX'] --> X + X' + O2 2 O3 --> 3 O2 |
CATALYTIC DESTRUCTION OF O3 MECHANISM 2
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time of year O3 hole forms
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spring to summer (in respective hemisphere)
September to early November |
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-darkness (accumulate Cl2)
-polar vortex -polar stratospheric clouds -light (photochemically decompose Cl2) mechanism 2 |
4 requirements for creation of O3 hole
which catalytic destruction mechanism occurs? |
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O3 + UVB (<320) --> O2 + O*
O* + H20 --> 2 .OH |
FORMATION OF .OH RADICALS IN ATMOSPHERE
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-NO (from power plants)
-VOC (from partial oxidation of hydrocarbons in combustion engines) -Sunshine (makes free rads) -little air movement |
what is needed for a photochemical smog event
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VOCs + NO + O2 + SUNLIGHT -->-->
MIXTURE OF O3, HNO3, ORGANICS |
CRUDE SUMMARY OF REACTION FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG FORMATION
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NO. + HOO. --> NO2.
NO2. + UVA --> NO + O O + O2 + M --> O3 + M + heat |
reactions for the creation of tropospheric O3
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2897/T
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peak wavelength (um) emitted by a black body
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kT^4
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rate of energy released from a black body
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fossil fuel emissions, land use
ocean, atmosphere, land |
CO2 sources (basic)
CO2 sinks (basic) |
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GHG, BC, Solar irradiance
snow albedo (BC effect), stratospheric aerosols, tropospheric aerosols, land use |
positive forcings
negative forcings |
