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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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thermal conductivity
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k
objects ability to conduct heat depends on composition rate of heat flow (heat/time) is constant across any number of slabs bw 2 heat reservoirs; higher conductivity = less temp diff across any slab |
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flow
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thicker conduits = greater flow
longer conduits impede flow flow rate depends on the difference in a property of the reservoirs at either end of the conduit same for heat, fluid, electron: change in T= I R change in P = Q R V = i R |
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PV work
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can still be done by a system at rest with no gravitational potential energy
depends on change in volume at constant pressure w=PchangeinV |
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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energy of system and surroundings is always conserved
change in E= q+ w (work on system is positive) |
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2nd law of thermodynamics
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heat cannot be changed completely into work in a cyclical process/
entropy of universe increases for any reaction |
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seven state functions of thermodynamics
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U = internal energy
T= temperature P = pressure V=volume H = enthalpy S=entropy G = Gibbs energy |
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internal energy
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U
collective energy of molecs measured on a micro scale vibrational E rotational E translational E electronic E (nuclei attract e) intermolecular potential E (dipoles) rest mass E (E=mc^2) thermal E = rot, trans, vibrate |
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Energy change of Closed system at rest w no electric or magnetic fields
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change in U= q + w
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Energy change of Closed system at rest w no electric or magnetic fields and no change in Volume
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change in U = q (heat only)
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avg KE of single molec in any fluid
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KE=3/2kT
k is Boltzmann constant (1.38x10^-23 J/K) |
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Pressure
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intensive property
of a gas = random translational kinetic energy per volume |
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Temperature
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intensive property
Energy/number of moles virtually all physical properties change with temperature at 1atm, water freezes at 0*C and boils at 100*c 0K = -273*C |
