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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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atom |
the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element |
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nucleus |
amu
proton electron neutron |
1.672 x 10^-24 9.107 x 10^-28 1.675 x 10^-24 |
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isotopes |
atoms of the same element having different masses because they have different number of neutrons |
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Neil Bohr |
developed one of the first models of the atom called the planetary model |
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formula for the max number of electrons
shell capacity for energy level 1-4 |
2n^2
2 8 18 32 |
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num of orbitals/max num of electrons
s p d f |
1/2 3/6 5/10 7/14 |
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1. Aufbau principle 2. Pauli's exclusion 3. Hund's Rule of Multiplicity |
1. electrons are arranged in increasing energy level 2. no more than 2 electrons can be placed in any orbital; must be spinning in opp. directions 3. electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing |
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short hand electron configuration |
[noble gas] + electron config
make sure atom is always stable |
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interelectronic repulsion |
electrons need to spin in opposite directions, otherwise they repel each other |
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to stabilize elec. config. move electrons from the closest ___ to the last subshell, in order to ___ or ___ fill the last subshell |
s subshell completely half-fill |
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1. valence shell 2. valence electrons 3. valence 4. octet rule |
1. the outermost shell of an atom that contains electrons 2. electrons found in valence shell 3. num. of electrons that must be lost, gained or shared hy an atom to achieve a stable configuration 4. an atom is stable if it has 8 or 0 valence electrons |
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Rutherford's model |
planetary model, electron path is random |
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