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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was the first to discover an atom was made of a nucleus with postively charged particles? How did he discover it?
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Rutherford; he bombarded metal foil with positive particles
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What is the measurement of a wave's peak to the next peak called?
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wavelength
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What is frequency?
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indicated by how many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time period
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What color has the greatest energy?
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violet
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S Orbitals:
a. Shape b. Group of elements with S orbitals are called c. Lowest energy level d. Highest energy level |
a. sphere shaped
b. alkali metals, alkaline earth metals (1A-2A) c. 1 d. 7 |
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P Orbitals:
a. Shape b. Group of elements with P orbitals are called c. Lowest energy level d. Highest energy level |
a. figure 8/dumbbell shaped
b. noble gases (except He), metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, non-metals (3A-8A) c. 2 d. 6 |
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D Orbitals:
a. Shape b. Group of elements with D orbitals are called c. Lowest energy level d. Highest energy level |
a. 4 leaf clovers
b. transitional metals c. 3 d. 6 |
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F Orbitals:
a. Lowest energy level b. Highest energy level |
a. 4
b. 5 |
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3d^4
a. What does the 3 tell us? b. What does the d tell us? c. What does the 4 tell us? |
a. average distance from the nucleus of the atom
b. shape (distribution) c. number of electrons in orbital |
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What is the real difference between the way that ionic and covalent bonds form?
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covalent- shares the electrons
ionic- one atom takes the electon while the other atom gives it up, creating a positive and negative attraction |
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What shape does PH3 have? Draw its Lewis dot structure.
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trigonal planar;
H | H - P - H .. |
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What shape does OF2 have? Draw its Lewis dot structure.
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bent;
.. .. .. :F - O - F: .. .. .. |
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What shape does HClO3 have? Draw its Lewis dot structure.
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tetrahedral;
.. :O: .. | .. :O - Cl - O: .. | .. H |
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What shape does CO2 have? Draw its Lewis dot structure.
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linear;
:O = C = O: .. .. |
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Why do electrons have lower potential energy when they are further apart from one another?
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there's less of a chance that they will bond together
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What is the difference between a polar bond and a polar molecule? How do you decide if a bond is polar? How do you decide is a molecule is polar?
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Polar bonds deal only with electronegativity; a polar molecule must have polar bonds and be asymmetrical; if the 2 molecules have electronegativities with a difference of either >.2 or <2; must have polar bonds and be asymmetrical
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Why must all diatomic molecules be linear?
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because they must bond with only one another and they share the bonds
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Describe the geometry of the molecules which have the following shapes and give their bond angles:
a. linear b. bent c. v-shaped d. tetrahedral e. trigonal pyramidal f. trigonal planar |
a. all diatomic molecules or if a CA has 2 molecules around it with 0 unshared pairs; 180
b. CA has 2 atoms and 2 unshared pairs; 105 c. CA has 2 atoms and 1 unshared pair; 120 d. CA has 4 atoms and 0 unshared pairs; 109.5 e. CA has 3 atoms and 1 unshared pair; 109.5 f. CA has 3 atoms and 0 unshared pairs; 120 |
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What does it mean when energy is reported with a positive sign? With a negative sign? (+ delta H or - delta H)
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+ means endothermic
- means exothermic |
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PICTURE
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a. energy
b. reaction process c. reactants d. Ea(R) e. delta H f. products g. catalyst added h. Ea(L) |
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What is the rate law?
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Rate = k[A]^n
A is the reactants |
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Consider the following rate law: Rate = k[A]^n[B]^m. How are the exponents n and m determined?
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by experiment
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On a molecular level, why does temperature affect the rate of a reaction? Why does concentration?
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when the temperature rises the molecules move faster so there is a greater chance that the reaction will occur; when the concentration is higher there are more molecules so there is a greater chance that the reaction will occur
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