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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
law of conservation of mass
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mass is neither created not destroyed
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law of definite proportion
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a given comppund always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass
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law of multiple proportions
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states that when two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with the one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers
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atomic masses/weights
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the average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring element
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mass number
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the total number of protons and neutrons
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Avogadro's hypothesis
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at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of particles
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cathode-ray tube
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emanate the negative electrode
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electron
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negatively charged particles
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radioactivity
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emission of radiation by the uranium
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nuclear atom
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an atom with a dense center of positive charge
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nucleus
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the small dense center of positive charge in n atom
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proton
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have a positive charge particle equal to the magnitude to the electron's negative charge
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neutron
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have virtually the same mass as a proton but no charge
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isotopes
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atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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chemical bond
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the forces that hold atoms together in compounds
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covalent bond
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bonds that share electrons
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molecule
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collection of atoms
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chemical formula
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the symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present and subscripts are used to indicate the relative number of atoms
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structural formula
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individual bonds are shown using lines
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space-filling model
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shows the relative sizes of the atoms as well as their relative orientation in the molecule
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ball and stick model
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represent molecules
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ion
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an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
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cation
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a positive ion
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anion
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a negative ion
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ionic bond
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force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
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ionic solid (salt)
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a solid consisting of oppositley charged ions
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polyatomic ion
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an ion containing a number of atoms
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periodic table
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shows all the known elements and gives a good deal of information about each
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metal
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tend to lose electrons to form positive ions
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