Chem Exam 1

Front 1

organic chemistry

Back 1

the study of carbon compounds

Front 2

covalence of carbon

Back 2

4

Front 3

covalence of hydrogen

Back 3

1

Front 4

covalence of oxygen

Back 4

2

Front 5

covalence of nitrogen

Back 5

3

Front 6

covalence of sulfur

Back 6

2

Front 7

covalence of halogens (F, Cl, I, Br)

Back 7

1

Front 8

functional group

Back 8

atom/group of atoms in a structure that endows the substance with unique chemical and physical properties

Front 9

what is an important property of functional groups?

Back 9

a given functional group tends to undergo the same reactions in every molecule that contains it

Front 10

hydrocarbon

Back 10

substance which consists solely of the elements hydrogen and carbon

Front 11

alkanes (bonds/saturation/reactions)

Back 11

single bonds/saturated/substitutions

Front 12

alkenes (bonds/saturation/reactions)

Back 12

double bonds/unsaturated/additions

Front 13

hetero atoms

Back 13

atoms other than carbon or hydrogen

Front 14

cyclic

Back 14

has rings

Front 15

acyclic

Back 15

not in rings

Front 16

formula for acyclic alkanes

Back 16

C(n)H(2n+2)

Front 17

organic melting point

Back 17

low

Front 18

organic boiling point

Back 18

low

Front 19

organic solubility in water

Back 19

low

Front 20

organic solubility in nonpolar

Back 20

high

Front 21

organic (flammable/nonflammable)

Back 21

flammable

Front 22

organic (electrolytes/non-electrolytes)

Back 22

non-electrolytes

Front 23

organic bonding type

Back 23

covalent

Front 24

inorganic melting point

Back 24

high

Front 25

inorganic boiling point

Back 25

high

Front 26

inorganic solubility in water

Back 26

high

Front 27

inorganic solubility in nonpolar

Back 27

low

Front 28

inorganic (flammable/nonflammable)

Back 28

nonflammable

Front 29

inorganic (electrolytes/non-electrolytes)

Back 29

electrolytes

Front 30

inorganic bonding type

Back 30

ionic

Front 31

straight chain alkenes

Back 31

carbons connected in a continuous chain

Front 32

branched chain alkenes

Back 32

those with a branching connection of carbons

Front 33

isomerism

Back 33

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Front 34

structural isomerism

Back 34

same molecular formula but different structure, different atom-atom attachment, different sequence of atoms

Front 35

stereoisomerism

Back 35

same molecular formula, same atom-atom attachment, different spatial arrangements of atoms

Front 36

IUPAC

Back 36

international union of pure and applied chemistry

Front 37

primary carbon

Back 37

carbon bonded directly to one other carbon

Front 38

secondary carbon

Back 38

carbon bonded directly to two other carbons

Front 39

tertiary carbon

Back 39

carbon bonded directly to three other carbons

Front 40

quaternary carbon

Back 40

carbon bonded directly to four other carbons

Front 41

*practice naming alkanes*

Back 41

*practice naming alkanes*

Front 42

geometry about any carbon involved in one double bond and two single bonds

Back 42

trigonal planar

Front 43

geometry about any carbon involved in a triple bond

Back 43

linear (180˚)

Front 44

geometry about any carbon involved in four single bonds

Back 44

tetrahedral (109.5˚)

Front 45

geometry about a nitrogen with three single bonds

Back 45

trigonal pyramidal

Front 46

geometry about an oxygen involved in two single bonds

Back 46

angular

Front 47

alkanes (oder/odorless)

Back 47

odorless

Front 48

alkanes (color/colorless)

Back 48

colorless

Front 49

alkanes (tasteful/tasteless)

Back 49

tasteless

Front 50

alkanes (toxic/nontoxic)

Back 50

nontoxic

Front 51

increase weight, increase...

Back 51

boiling point

Front 52

increase IMF, increase...

Back 52

boiling point

Front 53

alkanes (denser than water/less dense than water)

Back 53

less dense than water

Front 54

alkanes (reactive/not reactive)

Back 54

not reactive

Front 55

combustion

Back 55

hydrocarbon + oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water (ALKANES)

Front 56

what undergoes halogenation?

Back 56

ALKANES

Front 57

substitution

Back 57

in order to bind a halogen atom to a carbon in an alkane a hydrogen must be removed, because they are saturated (you need a catalyst)

Front 58

alkenes (bond/saturation/reaction)

Back 58

double bonds, unsaturated, addition reactions

Front 59

formula for an alkene

Back 59

C(n)H(2n)

Front 60

*practice naming alkenes*

Back 60

*practice naming alkenes*

Front 61

what does an alkene need need to have to exhibit cis-trans isomerism?

Back 61

each of the two carbons involved in the double bond must have two different atoms or groups of atoms attached to it

Front 62

cis

Back 62

same side

Front 63

trans

Back 63

different sides

Front 64

alkenes (more dense than water/dense than water)

Back 64

less dense than water

Front 65

hydrogenation

Back 65

the addition of hydrogen to an alkene

Front 66

halogenation

Back 66

the addition of Cl2 or Br2 to a multiple bond to give an alkyl halide product

Front 67

hydration

Back 67

the addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product

Front 68

carbocation

Back 68

the positively charged carbon

Front 69

*practice addition reactions*

Back 69

*practice addition reactions*

Front 70

Markovnikov's rule

Back 70

if the two carbons involved in the double bond have different numbers of H bonded to them, then the carbon in the double bond having the most hydrogen atoms directly bonded to it gets the H and the other carbon gets the other piece of the reagent

Front 71

reaction mechanism

Back 71

the step by step process by which the reaction occurs

Front 72

reaction intermediates

Back 72

high energy, unstable chemical species that form in one step of a mechanism and are consumed by the subsequent step

Front 73

order of stability of carbocations

Back 73

3 > 2 > 1

Front 74

aromatic compounds

Back 74

benzene and benzene-like compounds

Front 75

aromatic rings (saturated/unsaturated)

Back 75

unsaturated, but behave like they are saturated

Front 76

aromatic (addition/substitution)

Back 76

substitution

Front 77

ortho

Back 77

1,2

Front 78

meta

Back 78

1,3

Front 79

para

Back 79

1,4

Front 80

alcohols

Back 80

any carbon bonded to an OH

Front 81

ethers

Back 81

two carbons bonded to an O

Front 82

phenols

Back 82

OH bonded directly to a benzene ring

Front 83

thiols

Back 83

carbon is alkyl or aryl

Front 84

*practice naming alcohols*

Back 84

*practice naming alcohols*

Front 85

ethylene glycol

Back 85

antifreeze, toxic to all animals

Front 86

propylene glycol

Back 86

antifreeze, nontoxic

Front 87

alcohol boiling point

Back 87

high because hydrogen bonding is their IMF

Front 88

LD50

Back 88

lethal dose, minimum dose required to kill half the population

Front 89

miscible

Back 89

soluble in all proportions

Front 90

ethylene and propylene glycol water solubility

Back 90

soluble

Front 91

1-hexanol water solubility

Back 91

insoluble

Front 92

combustion

Back 92

complete oxidation of the compound

Front 93

limited oxidation

Back 93

only the OH bearing carbon is being further oxidized

Front 94

*practice oxidation/reduction reactions*

Back 94

*practice oxidation/reduction reactions*

Front 95

elimination reactions

Back 95

alcohols undergo the reverse of addition reactions

Front 96

pH of alcohols in water

Back 96

7

Front 97

pH of phenols in water

Back 97

less than 7

Front 98

*practice alcohol elimination reactions

Back 98

*practice alcohol elimination reactions*

Front 99

*practice cis trans isomerism*

Back 99

*practice cis trans isomerism*

Front 100

*practice substitution reactions*

Back 100

*practice substitution reactions*

Front 101

*practice acid/base reactions*

Back 101

*practice acid/base reactions*