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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In general, anions tend to form either _______ or __________ solutions, while cations tend to form either _________ or _________ solutions. |
In general, anions tend to form either basic or neutral solutions, while cations tend to form either acidic or neutral solutions. |
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Since every anion can be regarded as the __________ ______ of an acid, every anion itself can potentially act as a ______. However, not every anion does act as a ______ -- it depends on the strength of the corresponding acid. |
Since every anion can be regarded as the conjugate base of an acid, every anion itself can potentially act as a base. However, not every anion does act as a base -- it depends on the strength of the corresponding acid. |
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An anion that is the conjugate base of a weak acid is... An anion that is the conjugate base of a strong acid is... The weaker the acid... |
...itself a weak base. ... pH-neutral. ... the stronger the conjugate base. |
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The product of Ka for an acid and Kb for its conjugate base is Kw, which is what at 25ºC? |
1.0 X 10 ^ -14 |
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In contrast to anions, which in some cases act as weak bases, cations can in some cases act as weak acids. We can generally divide cations into three categories. What are they? |
1) Cations that are the counterions of strong bases 2) Cations that are the conjugate acids of weak bases 3) Cations that are small, highly-charged metals |
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In general cations that are the counterions of strong bases are themselves... |
... pH - neutral. |
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In general a cation that is the conjugate acid of a weak base is... |
... a weak acid. |
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Small, highly-charged metal cations such as Al3+ and Fe3+ form what kinds of solutions? The smaller and more highly-charged the cation... |
Weakly Acidic Solutions ... the more acidic its behavior. |
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Since salts contain both a cation and an anion, they can form acidic, basic, or neutral solutions when dissolved in water. The pH of the solution depends on the specific cation and anion involved. There are four possibilities: 1) Salts in which neither the cation nor the anion acts as an acid or a base form ____________ solutions. 2) Salts in which the cation does not act as an acid and the anion acts as a base form ____________ solutions. 3) Salts in which the cation acts as an acid and the anion does not act as a base form ____________ solutions. 4) Salts in which the cation acts as an acid and the anion acts as a base form solutions in which the pH depends on the __________ _________ of the acid and the base. |
1) Salts in which neither the cation nor the anion acts as an acid or a base form pH - neutral solutions. 2) Salts in which the cation does not act as an acid and the anion acts as a base form basic solutions. 3) Salts in which the cation acts as an acid and the anion does not act as a base form acidic solutions. 4) Salts in which the cation acts as an acid and the anion acts as a base form solutions in which the pH depends on the relative strengths of the acid and the base. |
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Some acids contain two or more ionizable protons. What are these called? |
Polyprotic Acids |
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T/F A polyprotic acid ionizes in successive steps, each with its own Ka. |
True |
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T/F When dealing with a polyprotic acid that ionizes in successive steps, the second step is always bigger (ie more acidic) than the first step. |
False. When dealing with a polyprotic acid that ionizes in successive steps, the first step is always bigger (ie more acidic) than the second step. |
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T/F We treat most polyprotic acid solutions as if the first step were the only one that contributes to the H3O+ concentration. |
True |
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What is the third model that describes acids and bases? What does this third model focus on? |
The Lewis Model On the donation of an electron pair. |
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According to the Lewis model, what is an acid? According to the Lewis model, what is a base? |
Lewis acid: Electron pair acceptor Lewis base: Electron pair donor |
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The product of a Lewis acid-base reaction is sometimes called an... |
... adduct. |
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A lewis acid has an ________ ________ (or can rearrange electrons to create an _______ _______) that can accept an electron pair. |
A lewis acid has an empty orbital (or can rearrange electrons to create an empty orbital) that can accept an electron pair. |
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Since molecules with incomplete octets have _______ _________, they can serve as Lewis acids. Some molecules that may not initially contain _______ _________ can rearrange their electrons to act as Lewis acids. Some cations, since they are positively charged and have lost some electrons, have _______ _________ that allow them to also act as Lewis acids. |
Since molecules with incomplete octets have empty orbitals, they can serve as Lewis acids. Some molecules that may not initially contain empty orbitals can rearrange their electrons to act as Lewis acids. Some cations, since they are positively charged and have lost some electrons, have empty orbitals that allow them to also act as Lewis acids. |
