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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pure substance |
substance that has a uniform chemical composition throughout -chemical compounds -elements |
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mixtures |
a blend of two or more pure substances homogeneous- uniform mixture with same composition throughout heterogeneous- non uniform mixture that has regions of different composition |
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h2 + 0 -> H20 label reactants and products |
h2 + 0 = reactants h20 = products |
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what do subscripts tell us? h2o |
They show how many atoms are in each chemical compound 2 atoms of h 1 atom of o |
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-occur on left side of periodic table -conduct heat and electricity -solid at room temperature |
Metals |
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-occur on right side of periodic table -mostly gases -poor conductors |
Non-metals |
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-Properties between metals and non-metals -found between metals and non-metals on the periodic table |
Metalloids |
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In SI: mass length volume temp time energy |
kg m m3 K s joule |
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In metric units: mass volume temp energy |
gram liter celsius cal |
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sig fig rules for multiplication and division |
answer has same # of sig figs as the # with the least sig figs |
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sig fig rules for addition and subtraction |
answer should have same sig figs as number with the least number of decimal places |
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Temp Conversion F= C= |
F= 1.8 x C + 32 C= 5/9 x (F-32) |
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Density = |
Density = mass / volume |
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calorie |
amount of heat necessary to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius |
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specific heat |
amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree celsius J/ g x C cal / g x C |
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specific gravity |
density of object / density of water at same temp. has no units |
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When specific gravity is higher than 1... |
substance is denser than water, will sink |
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When specific gravity is lower than 1... |
substance is less dense than water, will float |
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amu / dalton |
divide one carbon into 12 even pieces- one slice equals 12 amu |
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Z |
Atomic Number |
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A |
Mass number |
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Atomic number |
# of protons |
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Mass number |
# of protons and nuetrons |
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isotope |
atoms with same number of protons but different number of nuetrons |
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Atomic mass/ weight |
weighted average of isotopes sum of % abundance x mass of all isotopes |
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From left to right in a period of the periodic table atomic size.... |
decreases because more protons have a stronger attraction to the electrons in the nucleus and smaller size |
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From top to bottom in a group of the periodic table atomic size... |
increases because more electron shells are present |
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n= |
electron shells- tells you distance from the nucleus, energy increases as you get further from the nucleus 1, 2, 3 ,4 |
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s, p, d, f |
subshells - tells you shape of orbitals different shape- different level of energy energy increases from s->f |
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orbitals |
where electrons are grouped in subshells
s= 1 orbital p= 3 orbitals d= 5 orbitals f= 7 orbitals |
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shape of orbitals in s subshell |
spherical |
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shape of orbitals in p subshell |
dumbbell shaped |
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Specific heat formula |
q= m (sh) change in temp heat = mass (specific heat) change in temp, |
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# of period = number of |
the valence shell |
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main group #= number of |
valence electrons |
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electron configuration |
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 after 3p energy levels begin to overlap |
