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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a device for measuring atmospheric pressure
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barometer
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a device for measuring the pressure of a gas in a container
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manometer
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a unit of pressure, also called a torr; 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 101,325 Pa = 1 atmospheric pressure
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mm Hg
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another name for millimeter of mercury
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torr
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a unit of pressure equal to 760 mm Hg
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standard atmosphere
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the SI unit of pressure; equal to newtons per square meter squared
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pascal
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the volume of a given sample of gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure
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Boyle’s Law
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the volume of a given sample of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the temp in Kelvins
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Charles’ Law
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equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles
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Avogadro’s Law
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the combined proportionality constant in the ideal gas law; 0.08206 (L x atm) / (K x mol)
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Universal gas constant
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an equation of state for a gas, where the state of the gas is its condition at a given time; expressed by PV=nRT, where P= pressure, V= volume, n= moles of the gas, R= the universal gas constant, and T= absolute temperature. This equation expresses behavior approached by real gases at high T and low P
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ideal gas law
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the volume of one mole of an ideal gas; equal to 22.4 L at STP
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molar volume
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the condition 0ºC and 1 atmosphere of pressure
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
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for a mixture of gases in a container, the total pressure exerted is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone
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Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
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the independent pressures exerted by different gases in a mixture
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Partial pressures
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the ratio of the number of moles of a given component in a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture
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Mole fraction
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a model that assumes that an ideal gas is composed of tiny particles (molecules) in constant motion
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Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
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the square root of the average of the squares of the individual velocities of gas particles
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root mean square velocity
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the mixing of gases
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diffusion
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the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated chamber
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effusion
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the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles
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Graham’s law of effusion
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a mathematical expression for describing the behavior of real gases
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van der Waals equation
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the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth’s surface
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atmosphere
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contamination of the atmosphere, mainly by the gaseous products of transportation and production of electricity
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air pollution
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air pollution produced by the action of light on oxygen, nitrogen, oxides, and unburned fuel from auto exhaust to form ozone and other pollutants
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photochemical smog
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a result of air pollution by sulfur dioxide
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acid rain
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