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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a physical model
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a model that replicates the object at a more convenient scale
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what is a conceptual model
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a representation of a system that helps us predict how the system behaves
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what are atoms in relation to conceptual models
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Complex systems of interacting ultra tiny components
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what is the electron
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The first subatomic particle discovered
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what did it discover
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That electrical energy can flow through the atmosphere
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where is the mass of an atom concentrated
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In its nucleus
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what kind of charged particles do atoms have
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Negatively charged particles and some balancing positively charged matter
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who did the gold foil experiment
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Rutherford
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what did the gold foil experiment achieve
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More accurate picture of the atom
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what is atom mostly
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Empty space
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what is most of its mass concentrated
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A tiny central core or atomic nucleus
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what are protons
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Positive charge of atomic nucleus and negative charge of all electrons in the atom
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what is the atomic number
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Number of protons in nucleus of each atom of a given element
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how does the table list the elements
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In order of increasing atomic number
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what is similar between a neutron and a proton
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Same mass
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what is different
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No electric charge
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what are protons and neutrons called
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Nucleons
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what do they do
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Denotes location
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how many neutrons are in the nucleus
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No set number
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what are isotopes
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Atoms of the same element that contain different number of neutrons
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how are isotopes indentified
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By their mass number
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what is that
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The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
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how can the total number of isotopes be calculated
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By subtracting its atomic number from its mass number
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isotopes of an element only differ how
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By mass not by electrical charge
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what is atomic mass
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The total mass of an atom
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which includes
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Sum of all atoms components electrons protons and neutrons
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how are atomic masses listed on the periodic table
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In amu
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what is the atomic mass actually
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An average mass of the various isotopes of that element occurring in nature
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what is electromagnetic radiation
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Light as form of energy
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how does light travel
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In waves
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what are electromagnetic weaves
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Oscillations (vibrations) of electric fields and magnetic fields
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what are most electromagnetic waves generated by
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Electrons which oscillate at exceedingly high rates
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what is a wavelength
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The distance between two crests of an electromagnetic wave
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what is the wave frequency
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A measure of how rapidly the waves oscillate
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what is unit of wave frequency
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Hertz (Hz) 1 Hz= 1 cycles/ second
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what is the electromagnetic spectrum
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The full range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
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what happens to all frequencies of visible light
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They reach our eye at the same time
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how can color components of light be separated
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By passing white light through a prism of diffraction grating
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what is a diffraction grating
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A glass plate or plastic sheet with microscopic lines etched in it
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what is a spectroscope
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Instrument used to observe the color components of any light source
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what is a atomic spectra
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Light given off by atoms subjected to various forms of energy
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what is an element’s atomic spectrum
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The pattern of frequencies formed by a given element
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how are electrons around the nucleus restricted
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To certain distance from the nucleus according to how much energy the electron has
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who came up with the shell model
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Linus Pauling
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what does the shell model do
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Incorporates the wave nature of electrons and behaves as though they are arranged in a series of concentric shells
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what is a shell
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Region of space about the atomic nucleus within which electrons may reside
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how many shells are there
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At least seven
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each shell holds
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Only a limited number of electrons
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what do the seven shells correspond to
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The seven periods on periodic table
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the number of elements in each period is equal to what
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The shell’s capacity for electrons
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what are the first to interact with other atoms
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The outermost electrons
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what do the electrons in the outermost shell participate in
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chemical bonding
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what is ionization energy
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The amount of energy needed to pull an electron away from an atom
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the great the ionization energy the greater the what
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The attraction between the nucleus and its outermost electrons
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what does this play an important role in
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Determining atom’s chemical behavior
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