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105 Cards in this Set
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The methodical exploation of nature and the locical explanation of the observations |
Science |
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A Scientific procedure for gathering date and recording observations under controlled conditions |
Expirement |
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A systematic investigation that entails performing an experiment, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis and stating a theory or law |
Scientific Method |
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A tentative proposal of a scientific principle that attempts to explain the meaning of a set of data collected in an experiment. |
Hypothesis |
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An extensively tested proposal of a scientific principle that states a measurable relationship under different experimental conditions |
Natural Law |
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a pseudoscience that attempted to convert a base metal such as lead to gold; a medieval science that sought to discover a universal cure for disease and magic potion for immortality |
Alchemy |
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An extensively tested proposal of a scientifc principle that explains the behavior of nature |
Theory |
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The branch of science that studies the composition and properties of matter |
Chemistry |
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The study of chemical substances that contain the element carbon |
Organic chemistry |
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the study of chemical substances that do not contain the element carbon |
Inorganic Chemistry |
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The study of chemical substances derived from plants and animals |
Biochemistry |
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The design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous chemical substances |
Green Chemistry |
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A numerical value and unit that expresses length mass or volume |
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A decimal system of measurement with basic unites |
Measurement |
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a common metric unit of length |
Centimeter |
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a common metric unit of mass |
gram |
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a common metric unit of volume |
milliliter |
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a device for recording a measurement such as length mass or volume |
Instrument |
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the degree of inexactness in an instrumental measurement |
Uncertainty |
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The quantity of matter in a object |
mass
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The certain digits in a measurement plus one estimated digit |
Significant digits |
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The digits in a measurement that exceed the certainty of the instrument |
non significant digits |
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The process of eliminating digits that are not significant |
rounding off |
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A number written as a superscript that indicates a value is multiplied by its self for ex. 10^4 = 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 and CM3 = CM X CM X CM |
Exponent
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A positive or negative exponent of 10 |
Power of 10 |
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A method for expressing numbers by moving the decimal place after the first significant digit and indicating the number of decimals moves by a power of 10 |
Scientific Notation |
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A non decimal system of measurement without basic units |
Exact Equivalent |
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A decimal system of measurement with basic units |
Metric System |
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The basic unit of length in the metric system |
Meter |
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The Basic Unit of Mass in the metric system |
Gram |
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The Basic Unit of Volume |
Liter |
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The basic Unit of Time |
Second |
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A comprehensive system of measurement with seven base units |
International System |
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A statement of two exactly equal values for example 1 m = 100 cm |
Exact Equivalent |
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A statement of two exactly equal values for example 1m = 39 inch |
Unit Equation |
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A ratio of two quantities that are equivalent for example 1 lb/454 g. |
Unit Factor |
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The relationship between a fraction and its inverse for example 1qt/946 ml and 946 ml/1 quart |
reciporcal |
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a procedure for solving problems that proceeds from a given value to a related answer by conversion of units |
Unit analysis method |
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an expression for the amount of a single quantity compared to an entire sample |
Percent % |
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a volume occupied by a cube 1 cm on a side |
Cubic Centimeter CM3 |
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a technique for determining volume from the amount of water displaced |
volume by displacement |
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the amount of mass in one unit of volume |
Denisty |
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The ratio of the density of a liquid compared to the densisty of water at 4 celsius |
Specific Gravity |
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The flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature |
Heat |
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The average energy of molecules in motion |
Temperature |
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The basic unit of temperature in the English system |
Farenheit Degree |
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The basic unit of temperature in the metric system |
Celsius degree |
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The basic unit of temperature in the SI System |
Kelvin Unit |
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The amount of heat required to raise 1g of substance to 1 C |
Specific heat |
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The amount of heat required to raise 1g of water 1 C |
Calorie |
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A Unit of energy in the SI System |
Joule |
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The condition of matter existing as a solid liquid or gas |
Physical State |
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A direct change of state from a solid to a gas |
Sublimination |
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a direct change of state from a gas to a solid |
Depositon |
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matter having an indefinite composition and variable properties |
Heterogeneous mixture |
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matter having definite composition but variable properties from sample to sample |
Law of definite Composition |
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals |
Alloy |
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A substance that can be broken down by into simpler substances |
Compound |
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a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reaction |
Element |
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The smallest particle that represents an element |
Atom |
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a chemical elementAn abreviation for the name of |
Chemical Symbol |
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an element that is generally shiny in appearance, has a high density, high melting point and is good conductor of heat and electricity |
Metal |
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The property of a metal that allows it to be machined into a foil |
Malleable |
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The property of a metal that allow it to be machined into a wire |
Ductile |
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an element that is generally dull in appearance, has low density, low melting point, and is not good conductor of heat and electricity |
NonMetal |
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A element that is generally metallic in appearance and has properties midway between those of a metal and a non metal |
Semi Metal |
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A number that identifies a particular element |
Atomic Number |
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A chart that arranges elements according to the thier properties |
Periodic Table |
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The principle that states a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
Law of Definite composition |
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a single particle composed of two or more non metal atoms |
Molecule |
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An abbreviation for the name of a chemical compound that indicates the number of atoms of each element |
Chemical Formula |
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a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the chemical composition |
Physical Property |
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A characteristic of a substance that can not be observed without changing the chemical formula |
Chemical Property
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A modification of a substance that alter its chemical composition |
Chemical change |
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A modification of a substance that does not alter its chemical composition |
Physical Change |
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The stored energy that matter possesses owing to its position or composition |
Potential Energy |
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The energy associated with the mass and velocity of a particle |
Kinetic Energy |
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The law that states mass cannot be created or destroyed |
Law of conservation of mass |
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The Law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed |
Law of conservation of energy |
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The law that states the total mass and energy in the universe is constant |
Law of conservation of energy and mass |
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A negatively charged sub atomic particle having a tiny mass |
Electron |
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a positively charged subatomic particle having an approximate mass of 1 amu |
Proton |
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a neutral subatomic particle having an approximate mass of 1 amu |
Neutron |
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a region in the center of an atom containing protons and neutron |
atomic nucleus |
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a value indicating the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
Atomic number |
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a value indicating the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
Mass number |
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A symbolic method for expressing the composition of an atomic nucleus |
Atomic Notation
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atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
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Isotopes |
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A unit of mass exactly equal to 1/12 the mass of a c-12 atom |
Atomic mass unit (AMU) |
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The average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
Atomic Mass |
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the distance a light wave travels to complete one cycle |
Wave length |
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The number of times a light wave completes a cycle in one second |
Frequency |
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A general term that can refer to either visible or invisible radiant energy
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Light |
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a range of light energy extending from gamma rays to microwaves |
Radiant Energy Spectrum |
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a range of light energy extending from violet to red that is approximately 400-700 nm |
Visible Spectrum |
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a band of light energy that is uninterrupted |
Continuous spectrum |
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a particle of radiant energy |
Photon |
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a model of the atom that describes electrons circling the nucleus in orbits |
Bohr Atom |
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An orbit of specific energy that electrons occupy as they circle the nucleus |
Energy Level |
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A collection of narrow bands of light produced by atoms of a given element releasing energy |
Emission line spectrum |
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An electron energy level that results from splitting a main energy level |
Energy sub level |
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a shorthand description of the arrangement of electrons by sub levels according to increasing energy |
Electron configuration |
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The statement that it is impossible to precisely measure the location and energy of a particle at the same time |
Uncertaintiy principle |
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a sophisticated model of the atom that describes the energy of an electron in terms of its probability of being found in a particular location about the nucleus |
Quantum mechanical atom |
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a region about the nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding an electron with a given energy |
orbital |
