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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ionic Crystals |
Ionic Bonding Properties: Hard, brittle, high MP, poor conductor of electricity and heat |
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Covalent Crystals |
Covalent Bonding Properties: hard, high MP, poor conductor of heat and electricity |
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Molecular Crystals |
IMF bonding Properties: soft, low mp, poor conductor of heat and electricity |
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Metallic Crystals |
Metallic bonding Properties: soft, low to high mp, excellent conductor of heat and electricity |
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Intermolecular Forces |
attractive forces between different molecules |
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Intramolecular Forces |
attractive forces between different atoms in a molecule |
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Van Der Waals forces |
Intermolecular forces London Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding |
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Dipole-Dipole forces |
When there is polarity and a dipole-dipole movement. |
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Ion-Dipole Forces |
attract an ion and a polar molecule to each other |
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induced dipole |
separation of positive and negative changes in the atom is due to the proximity of an ion or a polar molecule |
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dispersion forces |
attractive forces that arise as a result of temporary dipoles |
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hydrogen bond |
special bond between H and N,O, or F. Type of IMF |
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Surface tension |
amount of energy to stretch or increase surface area of a liquid by a unit area |
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cohension |
intermolecular attraction between like-molecules that brings about capillary action |
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adhesion |
attraction between unlike molecules, like water and sides of a glass tube |
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Viscosity |
measure of resistance for fluid to flow. Goes down with increasing temperature |
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unit cell |
basic repeating structural unit of a crystalline solid |
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crystalline solid |
possess rigid and long range order in its atoms, molecules, or ions |
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coordination number |
defined as the number of atoms surrounding an atom in a crystal lattice |
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Closest packing |
most efficient arrangement of spheres |
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X ray diffraction |
scattering of x rays by the units of a crystalline solid X rays are used because their wavelength is distance between lattice points |
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amorphous solids |
solids that lack regular 3D arrangement of atoms, like glass |
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glass |
optically transparent fusion product of inorganic materials that has cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing |
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phase changes |
transformations from one phase to another, solid to liquid |
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sublimation |
solid directly to gas |
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deposition |
gas directly to solid |
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Vaporization |
liquid to gas |
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equilibrium vapor pressure |
vapor pressure measured when a dynamic equilibrium exists between condensation and evaporation |
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dynamic equilibrium |
rate of forward process is balanced by the rate of the reverse process |
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Condensation |
change from gas to liquid |
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molar heat of vaporization |
amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of liquid |
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boiling point |
temperature at which vapor pressure of liquid is equal to the external pressure |
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critical temp |
point where above it gas cannot liquefy. highest point where substance can exist as liquid |
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critical pressure |
minimum pressure that must be applied to create liquefaction at critical temperature |
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melting point and freezing point |
temperature where solid and liquid coexist |
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molar heat of fusion |
amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid |
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supercooling |
liquid can be temporality be cooled to below freezing point |
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molar heat of sublimation |
amount of heat required to sublimate one mole of a solid |
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triple point |
only point where a substance can exist in all 3 phases |
