Chem Chap. 1

Front 1

Metalloid

Back 1

A semimetal that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties. Elements located in between the metals and nonmetals.

Front 2

Halogens

Back 2

Located in group 7A; nonmetals; do not occur in nature in pure forms but only in combined forms with other elements. (F), (Cl), (Br), (I), (At).

Front 3

Chemistry

Back 3

The study of the matter and its changes; study of the biological and physical sciences.

Front 4

Nonmetals

Back 4

Found on the right side of the periodic table; do not have the capacity to conduct electricity.

Front 5

Transition Metals

Back 5

10 groups found in the middle of the periodic table with the letter B.

Front 6

Alkaline Earth Metals

Back 6

Group 2A; these are less reactive than alkali metals. (Be), (Mg), (Ca), (Sr), (Ba), (Ra).

Front 7

Alkali Metals

Back 7

Group 1A; these react rapidly in water; Hydrogen is not included in this group. (Li), (Na), (K), (Rb), (Cs), (Fr).

Front 8

Compound

Back 8

Always contains atoms of different elements. A pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Front 9

Potential Energy

Back 9

Energy that is stored.

Front 10

Energy

Back 10

The capacity to do work.

Front 11

Period

Back 11

Each horizontal row in the Periodic table.

Front 12

Chemical

Back 12

This property of a substance relates to how a substance behaves during a chemical reaction.

Front 13

Chemical Formulas

Back 13

Represent compounds which use element symbols and integer numbers in subscript if the compound has more than one atom of an element.

Front 14

Molecule

Back 14

Two or more atoms held tightly together.

Front 15

Element

Back 15

A pure substance than cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Can refer to a single atom or many identical atoms that are bonded together.

Front 16

Physical Change

Back 16

No change occurs in the identities of substances.

Front 17

Mixture

Back 17

A blend of two or more substances.

Front 18

Kinetic Energy

Back 18

The energy generated by a moving object.

Front 19

Group

Back 19

Each vertical column in the Periodic table.

Front 20

Temperature

Back 20

A measure of a property that reflects the random motion of particles, such as molecules.

Front 21

Heat

Back 21

The transfer of energy as a result of the motion of particles.

Front 22

The Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 22

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another.

Front 23

Metals

Back 23

These have the capacity to conduct electricity; are found on the left side of the Periodic table.

Front 24

Mixtures and Pure Substances

Back 24

Matter is made up of what two things?

Front 25

Homogenous Mixtures and Heterogeneous Mixtures

Back 25

What are the two things mixtures are made up of?

Front 26

Compounds and Elements

Back 26

What are the two things pure substances are made up of?

Front 27

Matter

Back 27

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Front 28

Atom

Back 28

The smallest particle of the matter that can still retain its distinct properties. (Atomos - "not to cut")

Front 29

Pure Substance or Substance

Back 29

A piece of matter that has uniform chemical composition; it is homogenous (it has uniform properties).

Front 30

Heterogenous Mixture

Back 30

Contains substances that are visibly distinguishable such as wood, rocks and a mixture of sand and iron.

Front 31

Periodic Table

Back 31

Lists the symbols of the 114 known elements in a tabular format. Divided into groups and periods.

Front 32

Main Groups

Back 32

The eight groups labeled with the letter A (1A through 8A); representative groups.

Front 33

Noble Gases

Back 33

Group 8A; These are inert and do not usually react with other elements; thus, they occur mostly in pure forms. (He), (Ne), (Ar), (Kr), (Xe), (Rn).

Front 34

Diatomic Element

Back 34

A molecule that contains two atoms of the same element.

Front 35

Polyatomic Element

Back 35

Element that requires two or more atoms bonded into a molecule to exist naturally.

Front 36

Monatomic Element

Back 36

An element consisting of only a single atom such as (He) or (Ne).

Front 37

Gas, Liquid, and Solid

Back 37

What are the three states of matter?

Front 38

States of Matter

Back 38

Matter that exist as a gas, a liquid, or a solid.

Front 39

Intermolecular Distance

Back 39

The key factor that differentiates each state from the others is the distance between the molecules.

Front 40

Chemical Change

Back 40

A change in the identities of substances occurs during this. These occur during chemical reactions.

Front 41

Chemical Property

Back 41

Any property of a substance that involves the change in the identity of the substance.

Front 42

Chemical Energy

Back 42

The kind of energy stored in the structure of a compound.

Front 43

Thermal Energy

Back 43

Energy expressed as heat, which is associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules.

Front 44

Exothermic

Back 44

Chemical and physical changes that result in a release of heat energy.

Front 45

Endothermic

Back 45

Changes that result in an absorption of energy.

Front 46

Chemically Pure

Back 46

A material is considered to be _________ if all the units that make up the material are all the same. This can mean that a material is made up of only one type of atom or one type of molecule.

Front 47

Atomic Number

Back 47

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 48

Bonded

Back 48

A molecule that contain two oxygen atoms are connected or _______ together.

Front 49

Solids

Back 49

Units in these are generally very close to each other.

Front 50

Elements

Back 50

The simplest form of matter; always pure. Frequently called the "building block" of matter.

Front 51

Compounds

Back 51

Substances that have molecules, which contain more than one type of atom.

Front 52

Atoms

Back 52

The _______ in molecules are always bonded to each other in a specific ratio and the way they are bonded to each other in a molecule is always the same.

Front 53

Definitie Composition

Back 53

All molecules have a specific ratio of atoms.

Front 54

Properties

Back 54

Traits or characteristics.

Front 55

Physical Properties and Chemical Properties

Back 55

What are the two broad types of properties that we discuss in chemistry?

Front 56

A different material is not formed because the molecules do not change. Since the molecules don't change, there are not changes in composition

Back 56

Explain why different material is not formed in physical changes.

Front 57

Phase Changes

Back 57

The processes by which a particular substance is converted between a liquid, solid, and a gas.

Front 58

Melting

Back 58

The conversion of a solid to a liquid.

Front 59

Freezing

Back 59

The conversion of a liquid to a solid.

Front 60

Evaporation

Back 60

The conversion of a liquid to a gas.

Front 61

Condensation

Back 61

The conversion of gas to a liquid.

Front 62

Deposition

Back 62

The conversion of a gas to a solid.

Front 63

Sublimation

Back 63

The conversion of a solid to a gas.

Front 64

Chemical Reactions

Back 64

Chemical properties are characteristics of what?

Front 65

Chemical Changes

Back 65

Chemical reaction are called what?

Front 66

Chemical reactions change matter into different kinds of matter. These different kinds of matter have different molecules. Chemical reactions involve changes in composition.

Back 66

Explain how chemical reactions work.

Front 67

Flammability

Back 67

What is an example of a chemical property in which you would have to burn the material.

Front 68

Compounds

Back 68

These have their own properties. These properties are not like the properties of the elements they come from

Front 69

Produce new substances with new properties and new molecules. There is a change in the composition of matter.

Back 69

What do chemical reactions produce?

Front 70

Intensive Property

Back 70

This property is independent of the quantity of matter you have.

Front 71

Extensive Property

Back 71

This property depends on the amount of matter you have.

Front 72

Volume and Mass

Back 72

What are examples of extensive properties?

Front 73

Color, Odor, Taste, Freezing Point, Boiling Point, Density, and Flammability

Back 73

What are examples of intensive properties?

Front 74

The mass you start with must equal the mass you end up with.

Back 74

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass mean?

Front 75

Reactants; Products

Back 75

Use the Law of Conservation of Mass, which says that the total mass of the _______ in a chemical reaction must equal the total mass of the _______.

Front 76

Constant

Back 76

All compounds contain a _______ percentage of their elements by mass.

Front 77

100%

Back 77

The percentage of all the elements in a compound must add up to _______.

Front 78

Chemical Energy and Heat Energy

Back 78

What types of energy (2) is often discussed in chemistry?

Front 79

Chemical Energy

Back 79

This type of energy is contained in material. An example is gasoline.

Front 80

Heat Energy

Back 80

This type of energy refers to the energy that is transferred as a result of a temperature difference (ice cube in a cup of warm water).

Front 81

Higher

Back 81

The faster an object move the _______ its kinetic energy.

Front 82

Endothermic, energy is added (physical change)

Back 82

Liquid water to gaseous water (endothermic or exothermic)?

Front 83

Exothermic, energy is removed (physical change)

Back 83

Liquid water to solid water (endothermic or exothermic)?

Front 84

Exothermic, energy is released (chemical change)

Back 84

Methane + oxygen gas to water + carbon dioxide (endothermic or exothermic)?

Front 85

Endothermic, energy is absorbed (chemical change)

Back 85

Acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate to water + carbon dioxide + sodium acetate (endothermic or exothermic)?

Front 86

Pure or substances

Back 86

Mixtures are not _______.

Front 87

Sugar water, air, vegetable oil and water, sand and water

Back 87

What are some examples of mixtures?

Front 88

Equally distributed throughout the mixture

Back 88

Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures where all the units (molecules) are what?

Front 89

Does not look the same throughout

Back 89

Heterogeneous mixtures do not what?

Front 90

Main Group Elements, Transition Elements, and Inner Transition Elements

Back 90

What are the three (3) collections of individual Groups on the Periodic table?