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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a limiting reagent?
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the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction
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what is theoretical yield?
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the amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant.
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what is actual yield?
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the amount of product actually produced by a chemical reaction.
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what is percent yield?
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(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
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what is electromagnetic radiation?
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a type of energy that travels through space at a constant speed of 3.0 x 10^8 m/s and exhibits both wavelength and particle like behavior. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
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wavelength
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the distance between adjacent wave crests.
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photon
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a particle of light
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frequency
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the number of wave cycles or crests that pass through a stationary point in one second.
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radiowaves
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10^5 m to 10^-1 m
750 nm to 640 nm |
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microwaves
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10^-1 m to 10^-3 m
640 nm to 610 nm orange |
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infrared radiation
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10^-3 m to 10^-6.5 m
610 nm to 550 nm yellow to light green |
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ultraviolet radiation
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10^-6.5 m to 10^-9 m
550 nm to 510 nm green |
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x-rays
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10^-9 m to 10^-11 m
510 nm to 475 nm blue |
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gamma rays
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10^-11 m to 10^-15 m
475 nm to 400 nm violet |
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quantum number
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an integer that specifies the energy of an orbital. The higher the quantum number n, the greater the distance between the electron and the nucleus and the higher its energy
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quantized
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the assigning of a number to an observation so as to specify a quantity or property precisely
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Hund's rule
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when filling orbitals of equal energy, electrons will occupy empty orbitals singly before pairing with other electrons.
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Pauli's exclusion principle
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no more than two electrons can occupy an orbital and that the two electrons must have opposite spins
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chemical bond
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the sharing or transferring of electrons to obtain stable electron configurations among the bonding atoms
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