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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbohydrate |
any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
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Monosaccharide |
a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate |
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Disaccharide |
a sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
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Polysaccharide |
one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars |
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Condensation Reaction |
a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule |
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Hydrolysis |
a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances |
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Lipid |
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents |
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Protein |
an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
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Amino Acid |
any one of the 20 different organic molecules that contain as carboxyl and an amino group that can combine to form proteins |
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Polypeptide |
a long chains of several amino acids |
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Peptide Bond |
the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid adn the amino acid group of another amino acid |
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Enzyme |
a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
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Denature |
to change irreversibly the structure or shape and thus the solubility and other properties of a protein by heating, shaking, or treating the protein with acid, alkali, or other species |
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Nucleic Acid |
an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
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DNA |
the material that contains the info that determines inherited characteristics |
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Gene |
a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait |
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DNA Fingerprint |
the pattern of bands that results when an individual’s DNA sample is fragmented, and separated |
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Clone |
an organism that is produced by asexual reproduction and that is genetically identical to its parent |
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Recombinant DNA |
DNA molecules that are artificially created by combining DNA from different sources |
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Photosynthesis |
the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen |
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Respiration |
the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates |
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ATP |
an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes, is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups
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