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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lipids
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biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water
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How many kcal of energy are stored in 1 gram of fat?
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9 kcal/g
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List four functions of lipids in an organism.
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long-term storage of energy
chemical messengers thermal insulation and shock absorption membrane structure water barrier Heparin-anticoagulant found in the human body |
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List three characteristics of a fatty acid
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long chain carboxylic acids (12 to 20 carbon atoms)
contain an even number of carbon atoms no branching maybe saturated or unsaturated |
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What is a MUFA? Would it be good for your health to consume MUFA?
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monounsaturated fatty acids
yes |
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What is a SFA? Would it be good for your health to consume SFA?
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saturated fatty acids
no |
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What is a PUFA? Would it be good for your health to consume PUFA?
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polyunsaturated fatty acids
yes |
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Which fatty acids are essential?
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linoeic
linolenic |
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Be able to identify omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids from their structures.
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start at CH3 and count in to double bond
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What is the biological function for waxes?
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serves as a water barrier
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What happens to a triacylglycerol when it undergoes hydrolysis?
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forms glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
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Triacylglycerols are stored in which type of cells in the human body?
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adipose cells
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Will the number of adipose cells in a normal adult change?
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no
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List three functions of adipose tissue
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insulation
provide energy for metabolic needs for long period of time |
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What does saponification mean?
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hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol
comes from the Latin sapo meaning soap |
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What is the major function of phospholipids?
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make up cell membranes
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What is a phosphodiester?
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a functional group similar to phosphoric acid but formed by replacing two of the H atoms by R groups
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18. Where is one place in the body where the concentration of sphingomeylins is relatively high?
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in the myelin sheath-the coating that surrounds and insulates nerve cells
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Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease characterized by what?
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deterioration of the myelin sheath leading to disabling neurological problems
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simple diffusion
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type of transport across membrane
no protein or energy needed from H to L concentration |
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faccilitated (passive)
transport |
protein needed
no energy from H to L concentration |
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active transport
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protein and energy needed
L to H concentration |
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List two functions for cholesterol.
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1) stiffens membrane or provides structural support for membranes
2)serves as a precurssor of the synthesis of other steroids |
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Explain where LDL and HDL transport lipids to.
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LDL-carries lipids from the liver to the cells---want in low conc
HDL--carries lipids from the cells to the liver--want in higher concentrations |
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How do statin type drugs lower serum cholesterol levels?
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block synthesis of cholesterol at its very early stages
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What is the maximum recommended level of LDL in blood for a healthy person?
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100 mg/dL
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estradiol
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female sex hormone
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progesterone
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pregnancy hormone
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testosterone
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male sex hormone
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anabolic steroids
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synthetic androgen analogues
promote muscle growth |
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aldosterone
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steroid hormone that regulates blood pressure and volume by controlling the concentration of Na and K in body fluids
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cortisone
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steroid hormone that serves as antiinflammitory agents and regulate carb metabolism
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Vit A deficiency
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night blindness
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vit D deficiency
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rickets
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vit K deficiency
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necc for blood clots so can cause excess bleeding
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vit C deficiency
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scurvy
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What is the difference between a “universal” chemical messenger and a “local” chemical messenger.
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universal-secreted in blood stream and travels throughout the body
local-only effects cells around it |
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Eicosanoids are local chemical messengers. What does eicosanoid mean? What are three types of eicosanoids?
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comes from the greek work eikosi meaning 20
prostaglandins leukotrienes |
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What two structural features do all prostaglandins have in common?
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five member ring plusa carboxylic acid group
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What advantage does Celebrex have over aspirin for relieving inflammation?
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It doesn't cause an increase in gastric secretions
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How do leukotrienes contribute to asthma?
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by constricting smooth muscles ecsp in the lungs
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Explain why the inclusion of a cis double bond in a fatty acid will lower the melting point.
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cis double bond forms a bend in the molecule
the bend pushes away neighboring molecules which: weakens LDF lowers the melting point |
