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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is surface tension?
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The energy or work required to increase the surface area of a liquid.
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What are cohesive forces?
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intermolecular forces between like molecules
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What are adhesive forces?
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intermolecular forces between unlike molecules
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What is the relationship between adhesive and cohesive forces?
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cohesive forces are stronger=liquid remains shape; adhesive forces are stronger= liquid spreads out
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What are wetting agents?
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Substances that reduce the surface tension of water and allow it to spread more easily
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What is viscosity?
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a liquids resistance to flow.
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What is the relationship between molecular forces and temperature in relation to viscosity?
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stronger the m.forces= stronger viscosity; viscosity decreases with increased temp due to high kinetic energies
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What is vaporization/ evaporation?
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change of a surface liquid into gaseous or vapor state.
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What is enthalpy of vaporization?
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The quantity of heat that must be absorbed if a certain quantity of liquid is vaporized at a constant temp. (endothermic/always pos.)
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What is condensation?
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conversion of gas or vapor to a liquid. (exothermix/ always neg)
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
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vaporization and condensation occur simultaneously, condition where amount of vapor remains constant
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What is vapor pressure?
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pressure exerted by a vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid. increases with temp
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What is the relationship between intermolecular forces, v.p. and volatility?
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high v.p, low interm.forces= volatile; low v.p, high interm. forces= non-volatile
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What is the vapor pressure curve?
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vapor pressure as a function of temp.
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What is boiling?
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pressure exerted by escaping molecules equals that exerted by molecules of the atmosphere. vaporization occurs throughout liquid
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What is normal boiling point?
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temp. at which v.pressure of a liquid is = to 1 ATM
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What is the critical point?
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liquid and vapor are indistinguishable. density of liquid decreases, density of vapor increases, s. tension approaches 0
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What is melting/melting point?
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solid converted to a liquid/ temp at which this occurs
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What is freezing/ freezing point?
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liquid converted to a solid/ temp at which this occurs
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What is enthalpy of fusion?
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quanity of heat required to melt a solid
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What is sublimation?
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direct passage of molecules from solid to vapor state
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What is deposition?
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passage of molecules from vapor to solid state
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What is enthalpy of sublimation?
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quantity of heat required to convert solid to vapor
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What is a phase diagram?
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graph of conditions of temp and pressure at which solids, liquids, gases exist.
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What is a triple point?
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the unique temp at which the 3 states of matter coexist in equilibrium.
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What is polymorphism?
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existence of a solid substance in more than one form
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How is a hydrogen bond formed? (intermolecular)
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H atom is bonded to a electronegative atom in 1 molecule and another neighboring molecule
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What is lattice energy?
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energy given off when seperated gaseous ions come together to form 1 mole of a solid ionic compound
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What is body centered cubic?
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a structural particle of the crystal is found at the center of the cube as well as the corners.
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What is face centered cubic?
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a structural particle at the center of each face as well as the corners.
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What is a unit cell?
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a parallelepiped (3 dimensional figure having 6 faces) that can be used to generate the entire lattice by simple straight displacements
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What is a network covalent solid?
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covalent bond between 2 different atoms
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What are the characteristics of a network solid?
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Compound is harder, and increase in melting point
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What is lattice energy?
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energy given off when seperated gaseous ions come together to form 1 mole of ionic solid
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What is the relationship b/w lattice energy and dissolving?
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higher lattice energy= harder to dissolve, lower lattice energy=easier
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What are two types of solids?
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crystalline and amorphious
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What is the unit cell?
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smallest unit repeated in 3 dimensions, makes up entire crystal
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What is coordination number?
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# of nearest neighbors surrounding a particle in a crystal
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