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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Saturated
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contains all single bonds-no double bonds
no line on aromatic ring an alkane with molecular formula CnH2n+2 that contains a chain of carbon atoms but no rings fats solid at room temp |
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Unsaturated
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contains one or more multiple bonds
contains fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon fats liquids at room temp-exist as CIS isomers-great for health |
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General molecular formula for an alkene
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C=C trigonal planor
CnH2n non cyclic |
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Ethylene
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a plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening
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The general formula for alkyne
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c triple bond c linear
CnH2n-2 non-cylci |
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Constitutional isomers
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same formula, different connectivity
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stereoisomers
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same formula
same connectivity diff orientation in space |
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What are fatty acids?
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long chain carboxylic acids
not soluable in water have an even number of carbon atoms have between 12-20 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated |
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Which two fatty acids are essential for humans?
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linoleic acid
linolenic acid |
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Explain why the introduction of a cis double bond will lower the melting point of a fatty acid.
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as the number of double bonds in the fatty acid inc the melting pt dec
the larger the number of cis double bonds the more kinks in the hydrocarbon chain, and the lower the melting point |
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Why does a diet high in saturated fats increase the risk of heart disease?
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saturated fats simulate cholesterol synthesis in the liver resulting in an increase in cholesterol concentration in the blood
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What color is lycopene and what benefit is there to eating food that contain lycopene?
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red-is an antioxidant which prevents an unwanted oxidation reaction from occuring
dec risk of heart disease and some cancers |
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What condition is tamoxifen used to treat?
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breast cancer
binds to estrogen receptors and inhibits the growth of breast cancer that are estrogen dependent |
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Most oral contraceptives have structures similar to which two female sex hormones?
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estradiol
progesterone |
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How does partially hydrogenation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid increase its shelf life?
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it decrease the number of carbons bonded to double bonds making the molecule less easily oxidized
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What is one problem associated with partial hydrogenation of fatty acids?
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some of the cis double bonds are converted to trans double bonds forming "trans fat"
this closely resembles the shape of a saturated fatty acid chain thus resulting in the same ill effects of sat fat-stimuilating cholesterol synthesis in the liver and inc blood cholesterol levels=heart disease |
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What might result from having urushiol splashed onto your skin?
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an irritating rash on contact
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Why is BHT added to food?
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to prevent oxidation and spoilage
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Explain how sulfa drugs kill bacteria. Why don’t sulfa drugs have a similar effect on humans?
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sulfa mimics acid but prevents the final step in making folic acid so when bacteria uses the sulfa drug to synthesize folic acid it fails in doing so bc it can't complete the whole process and therefore dies from malutrition and cannot reproduce
humans do not synthesize folic acid we have to get it from our diet so it does not effect us like it does bacteria |
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Explain why the introduction of a cis double bond will lower the melting point of a fatty acid.
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cis double bond forms a bend in the molecule
the bend pushes away neighboring molecules which: weakens LDF lowers the melting point |
