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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diatomic elements
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H2
N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 |
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what kind of reaction is metal + oxygen --> metal oxide
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synthesis/composition
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what kind of reaction is MgO +H2O --> Mg(OH)2
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synthesis/composition
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dissociation
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water (solvent) pulls away/apart ions
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electrolyte
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dissociates into ions when dissolved in water
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dissociation only happens with _____________
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salts
strong acids and bases |
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nonelectrolyte
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may dissolve, but does not dissociate into ions (ex sugar)
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Strong acids
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Hydrochloric (HCl)
Chloric (HClO3) Perchloric (HClO4) Hydrobromic (HBr) Hydroiodic (HI) Nitric (HNO3) Sulfuric (H2SO4) |
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Strong Bases
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Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 Na(OH)2 KOH RbOH CsOH |
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synonymous with double replacement reaction
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metathesis
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one of the compounds formed out of a double replacement reaction is usually ________
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a precipitate
an insoluble gas (that bubbles out) a molecular compound (usually water) |
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ionic eqn
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chem reaction with aqueous compounds written to show the dissociation of the ions
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spectator ions
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any ion that remains in solution the entire reaction
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net ionic eqn
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the ionic equation written without spectator ions - only things that reactq
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oxidation occurs when an atom or ion _____ electrons
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loses
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reduction occurs when an atom or ion _____ electrons
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gains
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true or false: redox reactions are reversible
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true
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oxidation number of H
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+1 when bonded to a nonmetal or in polyatomic ions
-1 when bonded to a metal |
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nonmetals tend to have [pos/neg] oxidation numbers
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negative
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Fluorine's oxidation number
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-1
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oxyanion
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a negatively charged polyatomic ion that contains oxygen
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the substance that is reduced is the ______agent
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oxidizing
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synthesis/composition reaction
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two elements/compounds --> one compound
a + x = ax |
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acid-base/neutralization reactions
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acid (aq) + base (aq) = salt + water
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the substance that is oxidized is the ______ agent
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reducing
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the substance that is reduced is the ______agent
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oxidizing
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double replacement reaction
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ax + by = ay +bx
pos ion pairs up with neg |
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if a substance becomes more negative, it is [oxidized or reduced]
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reduced
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if a substance becomes more positive, it is [oxidized or reduced]
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oxidized
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decomposition reaction
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compound --> 2 simpler substances
ax --> a + x |
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single replacement reaction
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Metals by another metal
Hydrogen in water by a metal Hydrogen in an acid by a metal Halogens by more active halogens A + BX --> AX + B BX + Y --> BY + X |
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trends of active metals
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lose electrons easily
easily oxidized strong reducing agents |
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trends of active nonmetals
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gain electrons easily
easily reduced strong oxidizing agents |
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activity series of the halogens
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Fluorine
Chlorine Bromine Iodine |
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nonmetal oxide + water -->
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acid
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element + compound is always a ______ rxn
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single replacement rxn
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a single replacement rxn is always a ______ + compound
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element
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a single replacement rxn is always a ______ + element
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compound
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the activity series is only used for ________ reactions
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single replacement
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anything with hydroxide is a _______
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base
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GER = _______ agent
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oxidizing
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LEO = _______ agent
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reducing
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TF: single replacement rxns are always redox
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T
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net ionic eqns and spectator ions are only involved in ______ rxns
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double replacement reactions
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TF: double replacement rxns are never redox
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T
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ALWAYS REDOX
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single replacement reactions
element + compound = |
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single replacement reaction
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elem + compound --> elem + compound
lone reactant elem replaces first elem in compound |
