Chem Ch 1 Definitions

Front 1

qualitative data

Back 1

consists of general observations about system

Front 2

quantitative data

Back 2

comprised of numbers from measurements

Front 3

matter

Back 3

anything that occupies space and has mass

Front 4

mixture

Back 4

can be created & separated without changing identity of components

Front 5

substance

Back 5

form of matter that has definite (constant) composition and distinct properties.

H2O, ammonia, gold

Front 6

mixture

Back 6

combo of 2+ substances where substances retain their distinct identities. Can be separated by physical methods to substances

Air, soda, cement, milk

Front 7

homogeneous mixture

Back 7

comp. of mix is same throughout

sugar in water

Front 8

heterogeneous mixture

Back 8

comp. is not uniform

iron filings in sand

Front 9

compound

Back 9

substance made of atoms of 2+ elements chemically unified in fixed proportions. Can only be separated by chemical means into pure components.

2H+O => H2O

Front 10

physical properties

Back 10

can be measured/observed without changing composition/identity of substance.

water to gas to water to ice - only appearance changes

Front 11

chemical properties

Back 11

to observe, must carry out chemical change.

H gas burns in O gas to form water, cannot recover H gas by physical change like freezing

Front 12

extensive property

Back 12

Depends on how much matter is there.

Can be added (2 pennies)

Mass - quantity of matter in a given sample

Volume

Front 13

intensive property

Back 13

Doesn't depend on how much matter there is.

Not additive (Two 20° water samples = 20°)

Density - mass of object divided by volume.

Temperature

Front 14

law

Back 14

A concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship btwn phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions

Front 15

hypothesis

Back 15

A tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation

Front 16

theory

Back 16

a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations

Front 17

tera-
T

Back 17

10^12

Front 18

giga-
G

Back 18

10^9

Front 19

mega-
M

Back 19

10^6

Front 20

kilo-
k

Back 20

10^3

Front 21

deci-
d

Back 21

10^-1

Front 22

centi-
c

Back 22

10^-2

Front 23

milli-
m

Back 23

10^-3

Front 24

micro-
µ

Back 24

10^-6

Front 25

nano-
n

Back 25

10^-9

Front 26

pico-
p

Back 26

10^-12

Front 27

femto-
f

Back 27

10^-15