Chem

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Surface Tension

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the inward force or pull, that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid

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vapor pressure

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pressure exerted by an evaporating liquid. for water it is fairly low because of hydrogen bonding

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density of water

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ice is less dense that liquid water b/c of hydrogen bonding. With ice, the H-Bond framework has a lot of open space, whereas with liquid water, the H-Bonds still exist, but have essentially

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· aqueous solution

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– water that contains dissolved substances.

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solute

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dissolved particles

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solvent

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substance doing the dissolving

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solvation

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the process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become

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electrolyte

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· conducts electricity when it is dissolved due to it breaking apart into ions

* weak electrolytes – conducts electricity poorly b/c only a fraction of the solute in solution exists as ions.

* strong electrolytes – good conductors of electricity b/c nearly all of the solute dissolves and exists as ions in the solution.

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nonelectrolyte

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· does not conduct electricity

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hydrate

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· compound that has water molecules trapped within the crystal lattice

Ex: CuSO4·H2O means that there are 5 H­2O molecules for every CuSO4.

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solution

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· homogeneous mixture; solute dissolved in solvent

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suspension

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heterogeneous mixture in which particles settles upon standing

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Molarity

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moles of solute

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liters of solution

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Molality

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moles of solute

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kilograms of solution

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Dilution

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M1*V1=M2*V2

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· saturated

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– solution that contains the max. amount of solute for a certain amount of solvent

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· unsaturated

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– solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution

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· supersaturated

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– contains more solute than it can theoretically hold

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· miscible

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– liquids are miscible if they dissolve in each other in all proportions

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· immiscible

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– liquids that are insoluble in one another (eg. Oil and water)

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· dilute solution

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– solution that contains small amounts of solute. Diluting reduces the number of moles per unit volume, but the total number of moles of solute in solution does not change.

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· concentrated solution

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– solution that contains a large amount of solute.