Chem

Front 1

Plasma Sodium

Back 1

135 - 145 mmol/L

Front 2

Plasma Potassium

Back 2

3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L

Front 3

Urine Potassium

Back 3

20 - 120 mmol/day

Front 4

Plasma Chloride

Back 4

98 - 108 mmol/L

Front 5

Plasma Bicarb

Back 5

20 - 30 mmol/L

Front 6

Anion Gap

Back 6

Na - (Cl + HCO3)
4 - 14 mmol/L

Front 7

pH

Back 7

7.35 - 7.45

Front 8

bicarb to carbonic acid ratio

Back 8

20:1

Front 9

pCO2

Back 9

35 - 45 mmHg

Front 10

[HCO3]

Back 10

22 - 26 mmol/L

Front 11

pO2

Back 11

80 - 100 mmHg

Front 12

glucose (fasting)

Back 12

3.6 - 6.0 mmol/L

Front 13

CK
- male
- female

Back 13

- male: <165 U/L
- female: <140 U/L

Front 14

LD

Back 14

< 220 U/L

Front 15

troponin

Back 15

<0.6 ug/L neg for MI
0.06-0.49 ug/L low level pos
>0.49 ug/L critical value

Front 16

plasma total bilirubin

Back 16

<25 umol/L

Front 17

plasma direct bilirubin

Back 17

<5 umol/L

Front 18

prehepatic jaundice

Back 18

- inc. rate of hemolysis
Plasma/serum:
- Tbil: inc.
- Dbil: norm
- uncon. bil: inc.

Urine:
- urobili: inc
- bili: norm

Feces:
- norm pigment

Front 19

hepatic jaundice

Back 19

- defect in one of the steps used to process the bili in the liver

Front 20

types of hepatic jaundice

Back 20

1) Decreased uptake
2) defective conjugation
3) impaired excretion
4) liver cell injury

Front 21

posthepatic jaundice

Back 21

- impaired excretion

Front 22

Gilbert's Disease

Back 22

- intra-hepatic jaundice
- prob. with transport of albumin bound bili into hepatocyte

Plasma/serum:
- tbil: inc.
- dbil: norm
- unbil: inc.

urine:
- uro: norm
- bili: norm

feces:
- norm pigment

Front 23

Intra-hepatic jaundice:
b) Defective Conjugation
eg. Crigler-Najjar syndrome and neonatal jaundice

Back 23

- either defect in UDPG or insufficient amounts

plasma/serum:
- tbil: inc.
- dil: norm
- unbil: inc.

urine:
- uro: norm
- bili: norm

feces:
- dec. pigment

Front 24

intra-hepatic jaundice
c) Impaired excretion
eg. Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Back 24

- prob. with excretion of conbili into bile duct

plasma/serum:
- tbil: inc.
- dbil: inc.
- unbil: norm

urine:
- uro: norm
- bili: inc.

feces:
- dec. pigment

Front 25

intra-hepatic jaundice
d) liver cell injury
e.g. hepatitis

Back 25

- damage to hepatocytes

plasma/serum:
- tbil: inc.
- dbil: inc.
- unbil: inc.

urine:
- uro: inc.
- bili: inc.

feces:
- norm to light brown

Front 26

post-hepatic jaundice

Back 26

plasma/serum:
- tbil: inc.
- dbil: inc.
- unbil: norm

urine:
- uro: norm
- bili: very inc.

feces:
- dec. pigment

Front 27

total protein

Back 27

60 - 80 g/L

Front 28

albumin

Back 28

35 - 50 g/L

Front 29

ALP

Back 29

< 125 U/L
diagnosis of cholestasis

Front 30

GGT
male
female

Back 30

male: <49 U/L
female: <31 U/L

Front 31

AST

Back 31

< 36 U/L

sensitive for heptacellular disease

Front 32

ALT
male
female

Back 32

male: < 50 U/L
female: < 36 U/L

Front 33

calcium

Back 33

2.10 - 2.60 mmol/L

Front 34

phosphorus

Back 34

0.8 - 1.5 mmol/L

Front 35

magnesium

Back 35

0.7 - 1.2 mmol/L

Front 36

urea

Back 36

2 - 9 mmol/L

Front 37

uric acid
male
female

Back 37

male: 150 - 430 umol/L
female: 140 - 360 umol/L

Front 38

creatinine
male
female

Back 38

male: 45 - 110 umol/L
female: 45 - 90 umol/L

Front 39

urine creatinine
male
female

Back 39

male: 8.8 - 17.7 mmol/day
female: 7.1 - 15.9 mmol/day

Front 40

Urine osmolality

Back 40

> 850 mOsm/kg

Front 41

plasma/serum osmolality

Back 41

275 - 300 mOsm/kg

Front 42

creatinine clearance (ml/min)

Back 42

92 - 132 ml/min

Front 43

creatinine clearance (ml/sec)

Back 43

1.0 - 2.0 ml/sec