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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Periodicity
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the grouping of elements by similar properties
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Whoe discovered periodicity
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Dmitri Mendelev
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How did Mendelev arrange the periodic table?
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in increasing atomic mass and found that you can build columns of similar properties
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What did Mendelev postulate that gaps were?
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Missing elements
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What did Mendelev believe the irregularities were from?
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errors in the atomic mass measurement
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What did Henry Mosely find?
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That each element has a unique nuclear charge and therefore a different atomic number
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How did Mosely arrange the periodic table?
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In order of increasing atomic number and the irregularities disappeared
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What is periodic law?
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the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number
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Noble gases are also called...
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inert gases because they are thought to be unreactive
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What do xenon, krypton and radon have in common?
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Low reactivity
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Noble gas electron configurations....
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have full s and p orbitals and r very stable
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Alkali metals are (characteristics)...
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soft and highly reactive metals
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solid alkali metals are
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good conductors of electricity
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Alkali metals in gaseous state, at high voltages, make up for what?
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electric currect flow by the motion of dislodged electrons
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Characteristics of Alkaline earth Metals
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harder, denser, stronger, and have higher melting pts than alkali metals
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Alkaline Earth Metals are all..
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reactive
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Alkaline earth metals are not as reactive as alkali metals because...
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they have to lose 2 electrons vs. the 1 electron of alkali metals in their outer shells
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Lanthanides
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shiny, metallic elements with atomic numbers 58-71 that fill the 4f orbitals
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Actinides
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metallic elements with the atomic numbers 90-103 that fill the 5f orbitals
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Main block elements are also called...
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the representative elements or transition elements
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Main block elements include...
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metals, non-metals, metalloids and noble gases
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Halogens
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combine easily with metals to form compounds like salts and are the most reactive non-metal
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This element forms its own chemical family
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hydrogen
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Hydrogen is found in...
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water, fats, proteins, carbohydrates and in fertilizers
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Atomic Radius
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increases as you move down through the elements in each group
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Shielding effects cause the atomic radius
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to increase because there is a reduction of the attractive force between a nucleus and its outer electrons due to the blocking effect of inner electrons
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Atomic Size
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decreases from left to right across a period
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Ionization Energy
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the energy you use to remove an electron
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Ionization energy generally ______ as you move down a group of elements but ________ across a period
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decreases, increases
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Electronegativity
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tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another element
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Electronegativity (decrease and increase)
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Decreases within family, and increases within period
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