Chem 3 Bonding And Chemical Interactions

Front 1

H, He, Li, Be, and B are all stable with an ___ octet.

-also all elements in period 3 or greater

Back 1

Under filled

Front 2

All atoms in the 3rd period or greater have d-orbitals which can hold an additional __ e-. The typical "octet" e- reside in _ and _ orbitals.

Back 2

All atoms in the 3rd period or greater have d-orbitals which can hold an additional 10 e-. The typical "octet" e- reside in s and p orbitals.

Front 3

Ionic bonds are formed through ___ sharing of e-.

Back 3

unequal

Front 4

-Ionic bonds form between ___ and involve gain or loss of __

-Covalent bonds occur when e- are ___ between atoms.

Back 4

-Ionic bonds form between ions and involve gain or loss of __

-Covalent bonds occur when e- are shared between atoms.

Front 5

In ionic bonds, the metal ___ e- b/c they have ___ ionization energies; while nonmetals ___ e- b/c they have ___ e- affinity.

Back 5

In ionic bonds, the metal lose e- b/c they have low ionization energies; while nonmetals gain e- b/c they have high e- affinity.

Front 6

Ionic compounds have:

___ melting and boiling points

___ in water and polar solvents

___ ___ arrangement to minimize repulsive forces

___ EN differences between ions.

Back 6

high melting and boiling points

dissociate in water and polar solvents

crystal lattice arrangement to minimize repulsive forces

large EN differences between ions.

Front 7

-If the e- pair is shared ___, the covalent bond is nonpolar.

-If the pair is shared ___, the bond is polar.

-If both the shared e- are contributed by only one of the two atoms, the bond is ___ covalent.

Back 7

-If the e- pair is shared equally, the covalent bond is nonpolar.

-If the pair is shared unequally, the bond is polar.

-If both the shared e- are contributed by only one of the two atoms, the bond is coordinated covalent.

Front 8

Nonpolar bond: ΔEN

Polar bond: ΔEN

Ionic bond: ΔEN

Back 8

Nonpolar bond: ΔEN <0.5

Polar bond: ΔEN 0.5 to 1.7

Ionic bond: ΔEN 1.7 and above

Front 9

Lewis acid

Lewis base

Back 9

Lewis acid: accepts lone pair of e-

Lewis base: donate lone pair of e-

Front 10

Formal charge =

Back 10

= (valence e-) - sticks - balls

Front 11

The # of dots in Lewis dot structure comes from group number (valence e-).

Back 11

Note that atoms in period 3 or greater can have expanded octets and greater than 8 dots.

Front 12

VSEPR theory predicts the ___ ___ of covalently bonded molecules.

___ e- exert more repulsion than ___ e- because they reside closer to the nucleus.

Back 12

VSEPR theory predicts the molecular geometry of covalently bonded molecules.

Nonbonding e- exert more repulsion than bonding e- because they reside closer to the nucleus.

Front 13

electron geometry vs molecular geometry

Back 13

electron geometry refers to the position of all electrons in a molecule, whether bonding or nonbonding. Molecular geometry refers to the position of only the bonding pairs of electrons in a molecule.

Front 14

Rank strongest to weakest:

dipole-dipole, Hydrogen bond, covalent, london-dispersion, ionic bond

Back 14

Ionic bond, covalent bond, hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole, london dispersion.

Front 15

Noble gases have full octets, so the only intermolecular forces present are:

Back 15

london dispersion forces

Front 16

Electron geometry

Regions of e- density

2

3

4

5

6

Back 16

2 - linear

3 - trigonal planar

4 - tetrahedral

5 - trigonal bipyramidal

6 - octahedral

Front 17

-Lewis structure with __/__ formal charges is preferred over a lewis structure with ___ formal charges.

Back 17

-Lewis structure with small/no formal charges is preferred over a lewis structure with large formal charges.

Front 18

A lewis structure with ___ separation between opposite charges is preferred over a lewis structure with a ___ separation of opposite charges.

Back 18

A lewis structure with less separation between opposite charges is preferred over a lewis structure with a large separation of opposite charges.

Front 19

A lewis structure in which negative formal charges are placed on __ EN atoms is more stable than one in which the negative formal charges are placed on __ EN atoms.

Back 19

A lewis structure in which negative formal charges are placed on more EN atoms is more stable than one in which the negative formal charges are placed on less EN atoms.

Front 20

The most stable resonance structures are those that ___ charge on the atoms in the molecule.

Back 20

minimize.

Front 21

the stronger the bond the ___ the bond energy

Back 21

higher