Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Law
|
States the results of many experiments
|
|
|
Matter
|
Anything that has mass and takes up space
|
|
|
Pure (Substance)
|
matter that has a uniform and definate composition...2 types
**element- simplest forms of matter **cpd-substance that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means |
|
|
physical properties
|
quality that can be observed or measured without changing the composition (color, solubility, odor, hardness, melting point, boiling point)
|
|
|
physical change
|
cutting, grinding, crush, bend... doesnt change composition
|
|
|
chemical properties
|
ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and to form new substance (rusting, burn, rot, decompose, explode, corrode)
|
|
|
mixtures
|
homogeneous-uniform in composition
heterogeneous- different parts (salad) |
|
|
density
|
density= mass/volume
|
|
|
law of conservation of mass
|
you can niether destroy or create mass
|
|
|
method of determining a metal
|
find density using displacement method..compare to a known figure
|
|
|
metric system
|
kilo...hecto..deca...base...deci...
centi..milli |
|
|
precison vs accuracy
|
precision-same measurment over and over again (not necessarily right)
accuracy- measurment compared to a true value |
|
|
parts of an atom
|
proton, electron, neutron
proton and neutron= mass of atom protons dont change |
|
|
an isotope has a different number of e- than other isotopes of the sam element
|
false
|
|
|
group vs period
|
group- column
period- row |
|
|
# of neutrons
|
mass- protons
|
|
|
isotope
|
atoms of sam element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons
|
|
|
Dalton's atomic theory
|
1) all elements have atoms
2) atoms of the same elemnt are identicle 3) atoms can be physically and chemically combined 4) chem reactions occur when atoms are sep, joined or rearranged |
|
|
apllicable parts of atomic theory
|
all parts still applicable but now we know that atoms are divisible into subatomic particles
|
|
|
states of matter
|
solid, liquid, gas
|
|
|
12
Mg Magnesium 24.305 |
12-atomic # (protons)
Mg-chem symbol Magnesium- element 24.305- atoic mass (mass-protons=neu) |
|
|
average atomic mass
|
of isotope...
[(mass #1)(%)(mass #2)(%)etc]/1000 |
|
|
ion vs isotope vs atom
|
ion has a charge
isotope has a different number of neutrons atom is original state |
|
|
BOhr Model
|
energy level
quantum flaw: fixed paths that e- travel in |
|
|
Rutherford Model
|
flaw: electrons dont move...electrons would attract to the nucleus and force the atom to collapse
|
|
|
Quantum mechanical model
|
primarily mathematical
probablility of where an e- could be |
|
|
how does energy of an electron change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?
|
it decreases
|
|
|
group with highest electronegativity?
|
halogens
|
|
|
energy formula
speed of light formula? |
hertz*frequency
wavelength*frequency |
|
|
(-) ion size
|
larger because there is more of a negative charge so it isnt as drawn to the nucleus
|
|
|
(+) ion size
|
smaller because the electrons are pulled to the stronger positie charge
cation |
|
|
polyvalent metal
|
A huge Single Cup of Coffee with Cream
Hg, Sn, Cu, Pb, Co, Fe, Cr, Mn |
|
|
smush vs slide
|
slide- charges are different in #, slide to subscript position
smush- charges are the same in # |
|
|
naming binary cpds
|
*write name of cation (charge if polyvalent)
*write name of anion and change ending to ide |
|
|
naming ternary cpds
|
same as binary but for the anion write name of the polyatomic ion
|
|
|
naming molecular cpds
|
no charge...\
*use greek prefixes *2nd element ends in -ide |
|
|
molar mass
|
sum of atomic masses of the atoms in an element
**multiply atomic mass by amount of atom **add all elements together |
|
|
percent comp
|
individual percents of each element
**divide the mass of element by the total molar mass and then multiply by 100 |
|
|
octet rule exceptions
|
boron b/c only 3 spots to bond (BF3)
odd number of valence e- (NO2) acess to empty D orbital(3rd PEL & up,)(PI5) |
|
|
bond polar
|
polar if electrons are shared unequally
nonpolar if its a diatomic molecule |
|
|
molecule polar
|
nonpolar if electrons are going to different places ex: CCl4
polar if they are all going to the same place ex: h2o |
