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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are carbohydrates made out of?
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C, H and O
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What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?
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monosaccharides
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Disaccharides consist of two _______ joined together
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monosaccharide units
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Define polysaccharides
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carbohydrates that are naturally occurring polymers containing many monosaccharide units
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How would you hydrolyze a polysaccharide?
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acid or enzyme
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Define monosaccharide
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Simple sugars that have an unbranched chain of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, one in a carbonyl group and the rest attached to hydroxyl groups.
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What are the two types of monosaccharide structures?
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Aldose and ketose
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What is the difference between an aldose and ketose?
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Aldose => carbonyl group is on the first C (-CHO)
Ketose => contains the carbonyl group on the second C as a ketone (C=O) |
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What do you call a monosaccharide with 3 C atoms?
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triose
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What do you call a monosaccharide with 4 C atoms?
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tetrose
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What do you call a monosaccharide with 5 C atoms?
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pentose
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What do you call a monosaccharide with 6 C atoms?
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hexose
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What is a hexose?
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a monosaccharide with 6 C atoms
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What is a triose?
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a monosaccharide atom with 3 C atoms
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What is a tetrose?
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A monosaccharide atom with 4 C atoms
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What is an aldopentose?
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a 5-carbon monosaccharide that is an aldehyde
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What would you call a 6-carbon monosaccharide that is a ketone?
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ketohexose
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When do you use L on a fisher projection?
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On stereoisomers when the -OH group is on the left of the chiral carbon
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What is another name for D-glucose?
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dextrose
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What type of monosaccharide is galactose?
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aldohexose
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What type of monosaccharide is fructose?
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ketohexose
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What do you call monosaccharides that reduce another substance?
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reducing sugars
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Why is D-glucose called a reducing sugar?
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D-Glucose is easily oxidized by BBenedict's reagent. A carbohydrate that reduces Cu^2+ to Cu+ is called a reducing sugar
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puella, ae (f.)
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girl
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How do you name carboxylic acids not part of aromatics?
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For non aromatics: ID the longest C chain containing the carboxyl group and replace the e of the alkane name with "-oic acid". Number the C chain beginning wit the carboxyl carbon. Give the location/names of substituents on the main chain, e.g., 3-hydroxybutanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, etc
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How do you name carboxylic acids when part of aromatic rings?
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Number the ring from the carboxyl group as carbon 1. Use ortho, meta, and para to show position of one other substituent.
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What letters are used to indicate positioning of carbons relative to carboxyl carbons?
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alpha, then beta, then gamma (y)
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Are carboxylic acid boiling points higher or lower than alcohols, keones and aldehydes?
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higher
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Put the following organic compounds in order of increasing boiling points: butanoic acid, pentane, 2-butanol
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pentane, 2-butanol, butanoic acid
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How is an ester different from a carboxylic acid?
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The H of the carboxylic acid is replaced with an alkyl group
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What is esterifaction?
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when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol when heated in the presence of an acid catalyst. What is produced from the -OH removed from the carboxylic acid and an -H lost by the alcohol
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How do you name esters?
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1: write the name of the C chain from the alcohol as an alkyl group
2: Write the name of the carboxylic acid as carboxylate |
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How do ester boiling points compare to alkanes, alcohols and carboxylic acids?
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They are higher than alkanes, but lower than alochols and carboxylic acids
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