Chem 22 Chapter 03 Matter And Energy

Front 1

Define matter:

Back 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Front 2

When matter changes from a solid directly into a gas:

Back 2

Sublimation

Front 3

When matter changes from a gas directly into a solid:

Back 3

Deposition

Front 4

Draw out the classifications of matter:

Back 4

Front 5

What are the two main classifications of matter:

Back 5

Pure substances and Mixtures

Front 6

Define a pure substance:

Back 6

Substance made of only one kind of element or compound.

Front 7

Define a mixture:

Back 7

a substance made up of different kinds of atoms/molecules; variable composition.

Front 8

What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?

Back 8

homogeneous mixtures have the same composition throughout.

Front 9

Define an Element:

Back 9

A substance made up of only one kind of atom. Cannot be separated by chemical means.

Front 10

Define a Compound:

Back 10

Two or more elements always found in the same proportions; can be separated by chemical means but not physical means.

Front 11

1 cal = __J

Back 11

1 cal = 4.184J

Front 12

Define a calorie:

Back 12

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of H₂O by 1˚C.

Front 13

What are the three types of energy:

Back 13

Potential
Kinetic
& chemical

Front 14

Define Heat:

Back 14

the exchange of thermal energy.

Front 15

Define Heat Capacity:

Back 15

the heat required to change something by 1˚C

Front 16

Define Specific Heat:

Back 16

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1˚C

Front 17

What is the formula for Specific Heat:

Back 17

q=msΔT

Front 18

Define the Law of Conservation of Mass:

Back 18

Matter is neither created nor destroyed.

Front 19

Define the Law of Conservation of Energy:

Back 19

Energy is neither created or destroyed, only converted between forms.

Front 20

Define Physical change:

Back 20

When matter takes on a different form w/ out changing its composition.

Front 21

Define Chemical change:

Back 21

When matter changes and forms new substances.

Front 22

Define a physical property:

Back 22

Those properties that can be observed without changing the material's chemical identity.

Front 23

Define a chemical property:

Back 23

involves a chemical change.

Front 24

What are some physical properties?

Back 24

mass, volume, density, melting point, taste, odor, color, shape, etc.

Front 25

What are some chemical properties?

Back 25

Acidity, Alkalinity, Causticity, Corrosiveness, Inertness, Explosiveness, etc.

Front 26

Describe the two ways solid matter arrange themselves:

Back 26

in cyrstalline or amorphous structures

Front 27

Describe crystalline structure:

Back 27

atoms or molecules are arranged in geometric patterns with long-range order.

Front 28

Describe amorphous structure:

Back 28

atoms or molecules do not have a long-range order.

Front 29

Define "properties" (of a substance).

Back 29

The characteristics we use to distinguish one substance from another.

Front 30

Define physical properties:

Back 30

Those characteristics that a substance displays without changing its composition. ie.. the odor of gasoline.

Front 31

Define chemical properties:

Back 31

Those characteristics that a substance displays only through changing its composition.

Front 32

Physical properties include:

Back 32

odor, taste, color, appearance, melting and B.P., and density.

Front 33

Chemical properties include:

Back 33

flammability and other chemical activities.

Front 34

Define energy:

Back 34

the capacity to do work

Front 35

Define the Law of conservation of mass and the Law of conservation of energy:

Back 35

Law of conservation of mass:Matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Law of conservation of energy: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Front 36

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) =

Back 36

3.60 X 10⁶ J