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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is fermentation |
When yeast is added to sugar or starch solution and the enzymes in that yeast convert the sugar into ethanol and CO2 |
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What is the overall equation for sucrose |
C12H22O11+H2O > C6H12O6+C6H12O6 |
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What is the overall equation for glucose |
C6H12O6 >2C2H5OH+2CO2 |
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Why is it impossible tui make pure alcohol from fermentation |
Yeast is killed by more than about 15% alcohol in the mixture |
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How is alcohol purified |
Fractional distillation |
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What temperature does ethanol burn at |
78 degrees celsius |
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Why is alcohol from simple distillation still not totally pure |
Only 96% is pure ethanol and the rest is water. This 4% of water is impossible to remove during simple distillation |
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Which is faster, continuous or batch |
Continuous |
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Which is purer, continuous or batch |
Continuous |
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Which uses more finite resources, continuous or batch |
Batch |
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What is crude oil |
A mixture of hydrocarbons that are separated by fractional distillation |
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Give a user of bitumen |
Road surfaces |
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Give a use of kerosene |
Aviation fuel |
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Explain the process of fractional distillation |
1. Heat crude oil until vaporises 2. Vapors pumped into a fractioning column 3. Hot vapors rise 4. Fractioning column gets cooler higher up 5. Hydrocarbons condense at boiling point and are collected (these are fractions) |
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What is cracking |
The process in which long chain alkanes are converted to short chain alkanes |
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Give an advantage of short chain alkanes |
They burn easier and cleaner |
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General formula for alkanes |
CnH2n+2 |
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What polymers are biodegradable |
Polymers formed by condensation polymerisation |
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What polymers are not biodegradable |
Polymers formed by addition polymerisation |
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What is the rule for monomers involving Cl |
If there is a Cl on the end, HCl is produced. If not, water is produced |
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What are alkenes used for |
To make plastics or alcohols |
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What is a polymer |
A long chain molecule made up of repeating units of monomer |
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What is a monomer |
A simple molecule that can form polymers by combining with identical or similar molecules |
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What is polymerisation |
A chemical process that combines several monomers to form one polymer |
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What is an addition reaction |
one in which two ore more molecules join to give a single product |
