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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Type 1 vs. Type 2 diabetes
Cause |
Type 1 Autoantibodies-induced beta-cell destruction
Type 2 Insulin resistance with insulin secretory defect |
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Type 1 vs. Type 2 diabetes
Type of insulin deficiency |
Type 1 vs. Type 2 Absolute vs. relative
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Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes mellitus |
Polydipsia Polyuria Polyphagia
Meaning |
Polydipsia: excessive thirst Polyuria: excessive urination Polyphagia: Increased appetite |
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Diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus |
HbA1c Fasting plasma glucose 2-hour plasma glucose Random plasma glucose |
HbA1c: >6.5% Fasting plasma glucose: >126mg/dl or 7 mmol/L 2-hour plasma glucose and random + symptoms: >200 mg/dL or 11 mmol/L |
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Definition of hypoglycemia |
Men Female |
Men: Less than 50 mg/dL Women: less than 45 mg/dL |
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Physiological significance of ketone bodies
Acetone Acetoacetic acid 3-B-Hydroxybutric acid |
Provides immediate energy to brain during glucose starvation
Most often occur in? |
Type I Severe Type II |
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Excess ketone bodies
Disease |
DKA
full name |
Diabetic ketoacidiosis |
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Diabetic ketoacidiosis
Detection of ketones |
UA strips
Limitations? |
Only detect acetoacetic acid
Sometimes Acetone Not 3-B-hydroxybutric acid (the most elevated) |
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3-B-hydroxybutric acid
levels in DKA |
Most elevated |
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Why elevated ketone levels is a danger sign? |
Glucose is the major source of energy of the brain. |
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Normal values of ketone in urine |
0
(up to 2 mg/dL of acetoacetic acid) |
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In DKA, starvation and other carbohydrates and lipid abnormalities
Ketone levels in urine |
10 mg/dL |
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UA dipstick
react with
acetone? |
Maybe |
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UA dipstick
react with
3-B-hydroxybutric acid |
N |
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More accurate test for ketone bodies? |
Acetest |
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Symptoms of DKA, besides high level of ketones in urine |
Polydipsia Polyuria |
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