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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orthorexia Nervosa |
- obsession with only eating the right types of foods |
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Plumpy Nut |
- a high protein, peanut based plant used for people in developing countries |
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Goider |
- ineffective amount of iodine in the system - enlarged neck |
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Freeganism |
- anti consumerism group that takes food from the back of restaurants |
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Rawsome |
- raw organic food only |
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Communication |
- a short description of important research findings |
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Full paper |
- a full description of current research findings |
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note |
- a short description of current research findings that are considered less urgent / important |
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Observational (epidemological) studies |
- the assignment of subjects are not controlled by the investigator - case control studies and cohort studies |
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Case control studies |
- compare people with a specific condition (case) to other people who are otherwise similar except that specific condition (control) - retrospective (involves recall) |
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Cohort Study |
- a study of a group of people over a long period of time to determine which factors may be associated with the appearance of a specific condition - prospective (better as it does not involve recall) |
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Interventional study |
- the assignment of the subjects is controlled by the investigator - interventional controlled double blind randomized |
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Double blind randomized placebo controlled study |
- gold standard - prevents researchers from having an influence |
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Meta Analysis |
- combination of a group of any type of studies |
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Placebo response |
- if people think that they are getting medicine that will help them they will feel better (30%) - it can be used to determine if a new drug should be put on the market |
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Vitamins (definition) and how many |
- vitamins are nutrients needed in small amounts to prevent deficiency diseases - there are 13 different vitamins - they are amines (except for vitamin c) |
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Fat soluble vitamins |
- A, D, E, K |
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Water soluble vitamins |
- B and C |
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Vitamin C (and deficiency disorder w people) |
- Ascorbic Acid (10,000mg is optimal) - scurvy (bleeding gums, blotches on the skin, swollen legs) - preservative - not an amine - James lind / Albert Szent-Gyorgyi - increases absorption of Fe, decreases Cu - bed sores (breakdown of collagen) vitamin c prevents breakdown - false negatives for occult blood in stool |
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Vitamin B1 (and deficiency disorder w people) |
- Thiamine - Beri - Beri (neurological disorder and trouble with limbs) - Christian Eijkman |
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Vitamin B2 |
Riboflavine |
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Vitamin B3 (and deficiency disorder) |
- niacin - Pellagra (4Ds) |
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Vitamin B5 |
Pantothenic Acid |
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Vitamin B6 |
Pyridoxine |
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Vitamin B7 (use?) |
- Biotin - essential for hair growth |
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Vitamin B9 (deficiency disease) |
- Folic acid (folate) - Spina bifida (neural tube defect that develops at the beginning of pregnancy) |
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Vitamin B12 |
Cobalamin (cyanocobalamin) |
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Vitamin D (deficiency disease / too much?) |
- rickets - people moved from the country to the city so got less sunlight - available in fish oil, cod liver oil sun - without calcium it is not absorbed - too much will cause hypercalecenia (too much calcium deposits in bones |
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RDA |
- recommended daily allowances - the approximate amount required to prevent deficiency diseases |
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Antioxidants |
- Vitamins A, C, E, Beta Carotene, Selenium |
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Cold |
- contagious infection of the upper respiratory tract - caused by 200 viruses (rhino is the worst) - no cure (antibiotics cannot be used because it is a virus) - vitamin C does not prevent colds it only makes the symptoms less severe |
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Cholesterol |
- HDL (good) - LDL (bad) - oxidized LDL (worst) |
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Hemochromatosis |
- too much Fe - people who have this should not take vitamin C as it increases the uptake - hereditary - iron salts deposited in tissues --> liver damage and diabetes |
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Hemolytic Anemia |
- premature babies - lack of vitamin E |
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Hair Analysis |
- kind of a scam - there are no vitamins in the hair just minerals |
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Hypertension |
- High Blood Pressure - normal 120/80 - high 140/90 |
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Anemia |
- iron deficiency |
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Aromatase Inhibitors |
- stop the production of estrogen in post menopausal women (pomegranates) - Aromatase inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme aromatase, which turns the hormone androgen into small amounts of estrogen in the body. - This means that less estrogen is available to stimulate the growth of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer cells. |
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Beta Carotene |
- antioxidant - dried apricots - precursor to vitamin a |
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Omega - 3 fats |
- fish and flax seeds |
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Lignans |
- phytoestrogens - beneficial effect is only on premenopausal women who are overweight |
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Beta glucan |
- soluble fibre that decreases cholesterol |
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Calcium Proprionate |
- preservative |
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Resveratrol |
- in red wine - 100 bottles for protective effects |
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Polycyclic hydrocarbons |
- composed of multiple aromatic rings - made when bread is burning |
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AGEs |
- advanced glycation end products - can be a factor in the development or worsening of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic renal failure, and Alzheimer's disease - speeding up oxidative damage to cells - aging |
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Laetrile |
- bogus cancer remedy - vitamin b17 |
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Sodium Ascorbate |
- in hot dogs (processed meats that contain nitrite) - prevents the conversion from nitrite to nitrosamines which are carcinogenic |
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Vitamin A |
- vision, growth, reproduction and immune system |
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Retin - A |
- tretinoin - topical treatment for acne |
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Acutane |
- Isotretinoin - taken orally - birth defects if taken while pregnant |
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Vitamin E |
- love vitamin (very hard to be deficient but when taken away all reproductivity stops) - vitamin in search for a disease - tocopherol = oil of fertility |
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Fiber (soluble / insoluble) |
- fiber is the indigestible part of food - broken down by bacteria and most is excreted (laxative) while some is absorbed - soluble: reduces cholesterol - insoluble: speeds substances through the gut |
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transfat |
- bad - raises blood levels of cholesterol which is linked to heart disease |
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Maillard reaction |
- browning reaction / taste reaction |
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Caloric Content (P,F,C,F) |
- fats: 9 cal p/g - protein: 4 cal p/g - carbohydrates: 4 cal p/g - fibre: 2 cal p/g |
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Free Radicals |
- very reactive species with an unpaired electron - antioxidants can donate an electron so that a chain reaction does not occur and the free radicals do not rob healthy cells (eroding cell membranes and can alter the way cells encode genetic information in the DNA) |
