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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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surface tension
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inward force or pull that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid
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surfactant
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a wetting agent such as soap or detergent that gets its name from SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT.
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aqueous solutions
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water samples containing dissolved substances
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solvent
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dissolving medium
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solute
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dissolved particles
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solvation
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process that occurs when solute dissolves
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electrolytes
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compounds that conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or molten state (all ionic comps)
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nonelectrolytes
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compounds that don't conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or molten state (most molecular comps)
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weak electrolyte
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when its in a solution, only a fractopn of the solute exists as ions (water)
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strong electrolyte
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when dissolved, almost all of solute is seperate ions (a lot of inorganic acids and bases; soluble salts)
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water of hydration/crystallization
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water in a crystal. compound with water of hydration is a hydrate
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effloresce
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when hydrate has vapor pressure higher than water vapor in air, it loses its water of hydration
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hygroscopic
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salts and other comps that remove water from the air
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desiccants
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hygroscopic substances are used as drying agents called ______
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deliquescent
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comps that remove sufficient water from air to dissolve completely and form solutions
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suspensions
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mixtures from which particles settle out upon standing
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colloids
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heterogeneous mixtures containging partciles that are intermediate in size between those of suspensions and true solutions (foams, emulsion, aerosol, smole, sols and gels)
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Tyndall Effect
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scattering of visible light in all directions which colloidal particles exhibit (fog)
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Brownian motion
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chaotic movement of colloidal particles
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emulsions
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colloidal dispersions of liquids in liquids (water and oil)
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explain high heat of vaporization, high freezing, high boiling point of water (also cause of high surface tension of water)
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intermolecular hydrogen bonding
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why does ice float in liquid water
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ice is less dense than liquid water
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saturated solution
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contains maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature
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solubility
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___ of a substance is the amt that dissolves in a given qty of a solvent at a given temperature to produce a saturated solution
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unsaturated
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solution with less solute than a saturated solution
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imiscible
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liquids that are insoluble in each other
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miscible
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two liquids are ___ if dissolve in each other
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Henry's Law
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at a given temperature the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is dir. prop. to the pressure of the gas above a liquid (s/p=s/p)
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supersaturated solution
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more solute than it should theoretically contain o hold at a given temp
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concentration
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measure of amt of solute that is dissolved in a given qty of solvent
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dilute solution
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solution with low concentration of solute
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concentrated solution
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high concentration of solute
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molarity
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number of moles of a solute dissolved per liter of solution: MOL/L = M
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colligative properties
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property of a solutin that depends only on the number of the solute particles: vp lowering, bp elevation, fp depression
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boiling-point elevation
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difference in temp btwn boiling point of solution and of pure solvent
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freezing-point depression
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diff in temp between fp of a solution and of pure solvent
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molality
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number of moles of solute dissolved per kg of solvent
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mole fraction
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ratio of moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of solvent and solute
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