Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
change in heat transferred between the system and surroundings
|
enthalpy
|
|
|
first law of thermodynamics
|
energy is conserved
|
|
|
reaction that proceeds without outside help
|
spontaneous process
|
|
|
if spontaneous, the reverse is always
|
nonspontaneous
|
|
|
most spontaneous reactions are _____ and few are _____
|
Exo / Endo
|
|
|
q
|
heat transferred or enthalpy
|
|
|
w
|
work done
|
|
|
q/T
|
change in entropy
|
|
|
a reaction in which we can completely restore system and surroundings to their original state
|
reversible process
|
|
|
extent of randomness in a system
|
entropy
|
|
|
S
|
entropy
|
|
|
2nd law of thermodynamics
|
total entropy of universe increases in any spontanteous process
|
|
|
units for delta S
|
J/K
|
|
|
heat transferred at constant P
|
enthalpy or delta H
|
|
|
3rd law of thermodynamics
|
entropy of a pure substance at absolute zero is zero
|
|
|
the pure substance at 1 atm pressure
|
standard state
|
|
|
super zero means
|
in standard state
|
|
|
delta H neg, delta S pos, delta G neg
|
spontaneous at all temperatures
|
|
|
adding heat _____ entropy
|
increases
|
|
|
delta H neg, delta S neg, delta G neg
|
spontaneous at low temperatures
|
|
|
delta H neg, delta S neg, delta G pos
|
not spontaneous at high temperatures
|
|
|
delta H pos, delta S pos, delta G neg
|
spontaneous at high temperatures
|
|
|
delta H pos, delta S pos, delta G pos
|
not spontaneous at low temperatures
|
|
|
delta H pos, delta S neg, delta G pos
|
never spontaneous
|
|
|
G
|
gibbs free energy
|
|
|
this process thermodynamically favorable for almost all metals at room temp
|
oxidation
|
|
|
acidic/basic corrodes iron faster
|
acidic
|
|
|
protecting a metal from corrosion by making it the cathode in an electrochemical reaction
|
cathodic protection
|
|
|
metal that is oxidized while protecting the cathode is called the
|
sacrificial anode
|
|
|
in order to protect a metal, you can attach another metal to it, but the attached metal must have a _____ reduction potential
|
lower
|
|
|
iron coated with a thin layer of zn
|
galvanized iron
|
|
|
spontaneous redox reactions occur in
|
voltaic cells
|
|
|
nonspontaneous redox reactions occur in
|
electrolytic cells
|
|
|
processes driven by an outside source of electrical energy
|
electrolysis reactions
|
|
|
in an electrolytic cell, electrons flow from the
|
anode to cathode
|
|
|
in a voltaic cell, electrons flow from the
|
anode to cathode
|
|
|
cell EMF for a voltaic cell is
|
positive
|
|
|
1 W =
|
1 J/s
|
