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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
Abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid - the molecules carrying the body's genetic information; DNA is double stranded in the shape of a double helix |
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Plasma |
The fluid portion of unclotted blood |
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Erythrocyte |
Red blood cell |
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Serum |
The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed |
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Antigen |
A substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it |
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Antibody |
A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen; antibodies are found in the blood serum |
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Antiserum |
Blood serum that contains specific antibodies |
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Agglutination |
The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody |
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Serology |
The study of antigen-antibody reactions |
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Polyclonal Antibodies |
Antibodies produced by injecting animals with a specific antigen; a series of antibodies are produced responding to a variety of different sites on the antigen |
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Monoclonal Antibodies |
A collection of identical antibodies that interact with a single antigen site |
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Hybridoma Cells |
Fused spleen and tumor cells; used to produce identical monoclonal antibodies in a limitless supply |
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Hemoglobin |
A red blood cell protein that transports oxygen in the bloodstream; it is responsible for the red color of blood |
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Luminol |
The most sensitive chemical test that is capable of presumptively detecting bloodstains diluted to as little as 1 in 100,000; its reaction with blood emits light and thus requires the result to be observed in a darkened area |
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Precipitin |
An antibody that reacts with its corresponding antigen to form a precipitate |
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Gene |
A unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome |
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Chromosome |
A rodlike structure in the cell nucleus, along which the genes are located; it is composed of DNA surrounded by other material, mainly proteins |
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Egg |
The female reproductive cell |
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Sperm |
The male reproductive cell |
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Zygote |
The cell arising from the union of an egg and a sperm cell |
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X Chromosome |
The female sex chromosome |
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Y Chromosome |
The male sex chromosome |
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Locus |
The physical location of a gene on a chromosome |
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Allele |
Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes; for example, the genes determining the blood types A and B are _____ (this word) |
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Homozygous |
Having two identical allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes |
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Heterozygous |
Having two different allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes |
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Genotype |
The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual |
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Phenotype |
The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type |
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Acid Phosphatase |
An enzyme found in high concentration in semen |
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Oligospermia |
An abnormally low sperm count |
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Aspermia |
The absence of sperm; sterility in males |
