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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fill in what's missing.
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alkenes are usually made from what precursors?
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alcohols in biological system or alcohols or alkyls halides in the laboratory
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Many addition reactions involve the addition of _____ or ________ to an alkene to form an alkyl halide or alcohol
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HBr or H2O
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Many elimination reactions involve the loss of _____ or ________ to an alkene to form an alkyl halide or alcohol
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HBr or H2O
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What are the most common elimination reactions?
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dehydrohalogenation and dehydration
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dehydration
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the loss of water from an alcohol
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dehydrohalogenation
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the loss of HX from an alkyl halide
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dehydrogalogenation usually occurs by reaction of an alkyl halide with a _______ such as __________
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strong base such as potassium hydroxide (KOH)
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dehydration is often carried out by treatment of an alcohol with a _____________ such as _________
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strong acid such as aqeuous sulfuric acid
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What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
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H2SO4
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What does THF stand for?
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tetrahydrofuran (a common solvent)
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Draw THF
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What does ACP stand for?
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acyl carrier protein
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Why isn't fluorine generally used in the laboratory? Iodine?
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Fluorine is too reactive. Iodine does not react with most alkenes.
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Haloperoxidase
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peroxidases that are able to mediate the oxidation of halides by hydrogen peroxide.
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What's the formula for hydrogen peroxide?
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H2O2
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halohydrin
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a haloalcohol
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What does NBS stand for?
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N-bromosuccinimide
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Water adds to alkenes to yield ____, a process called _________
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alcohols; hydration
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What does THF stand for?
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tetrahydrofuran
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What is NaBH4 called?
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Sodium borohydride
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carbene
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R2C
a neutral molecule containing a divalent carbon with only six electrons in its valence shell |
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What is the formula for choloroform?
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CHCl3
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stereospecific
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only a single stereoisomer is formed as product
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reduction
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gain of electron density by crabon
caused either by bond formation between carbon and a less electronegative atom or by bond-breaking between carbon and a more electronegative atom |
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Adam's catalyst
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PtO2
Where Pt is platinum |
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oxidation
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a reaction that results in a loss of electron density by carbon
caused either by bond formation between carbon and a more electronegative atom--sually oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen---or by bond breaking between carbon and a less electronegative atom--usually hydrogen |
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hydroxylation
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the addition of an --OH group to each of the two double-bond carbons
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OsO4 is called
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Osmium teroxide
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What is the formula for ozone?
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O3
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What is the formula for potassium permanganate?
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KMnO4
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What's the formula for periodic acid?
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HIO4
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