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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sources of Anthropogenic Pollution
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smoke stack emission, car tailpipe emissions, air planes, dust from construction sites
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Sources of Natural Pollution
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methane from farms, dust from a sand dune, volcano, smoke form a wildfire
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What is a heat island?
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An urban area which is warmer than surrounding country due to pollution
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What is London Type Smog
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based upon SO2, which comes from burning fossil fuels such as coal. usually in cool temperatures, peaks in the morning
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What is Los Angeles Type Smog
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Based upon O3 and NOx comes from transportation, from warm climates and is worst in the afternoon
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pH of normal rain?
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5-6
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pH of acid rain?
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4-5
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Two big contributors to Acid Rain?
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sulfuric acid, nitric acid
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Effects or Acid Rain?
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changes the acidity of soil, biodiversity is reduced, soil microbes can die out, increased oxidation of iron.
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Where is good ozone found, and why is it good?
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Good ozone is found in the stratosphere, and it is good because it blocks harmful UV rays.
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Where is bad ozone found and why is it bad?
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Bad ozone is found in the troposphere and it is bad because when it gets in your lungs and can ruin them.
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When does the ozone hole happen and why?
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The ozone hole happens in spring at both poles (moreso in antartica) because the extremely cold clouds finally get some sun, release the destroyers of ozone and then the hole is created.
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Name three big "destroyers" of Ozone?
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Chlorine, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl
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Koppen Climate A
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Tropical Moist Climates, all months average temperature exceeds 64 f
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Koppen Climate B
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Dry Climates, evaporation exceeds precipitation every year
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Koppen Climate C
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Moist Mid-latitude climates with mild winters, average temp of coldest months between 24 and 64 f
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Koppen Climate D
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Moist Mid-latitudes with severe winters, warmest month above 50 f, coldest below 27 f
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Koppen Climate E
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Polar Climates, highest temperature month is below 50 f
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Evidence from Nature of Climate Change
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Tree Rings, Glacial Ice Cores, Ocean Sediments, Pollen Samples. Sedimentary Rock records,
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Faint Young Sun Paradox
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The thought that the sun hasn't always been as bright as it is currently. At formation perhaps 70% of today.
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Dinosaur Extinction Theories
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(1) Asteroid Hit earth, creating a haze layer, causing intense but brief climate change
(2) Huge volcano eruptions caused drastic but brief changes. (3)Earths orbit changed (4)Nearby supernova crazy radiation |
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Correlation between CO2 and temperature
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extremely high,
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Milankovitch Theory
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Climate varies because of orbital changes
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Three Reasons for Orbital Change
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Eccentricity, Axial Tilt, Precession of Perehilian
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Younger Dryas Period
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Cold period of 1000 years as earth came out of ice age
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27 Day Solar Rotational Cycle
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Sun's rotation about its axis, sunspots coming in and out of view
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10-11 year sunspot cycle
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small but definite climate signal
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Positive Feedback Loop
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Once Perturbed, system will continue to shift in that direction
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